Table 2.

Included Practice-Based Research Networks, Peer-Reviewed Articles, and Review Sources

	PBRN	Country	Year of Foundation	Peer-Reviewed Articles and Review Resources
1.	Nijmegen Family Practice Academic Network	The Netherlands	1967	Van den Bosch 1993²²³
	Nijmegen Family Practice Academic Network			Van Weel et al 2000⁹
				Gunn 2002¹⁰
				Schers et al 2008¹³⁶
				Van Weel 2008⁷
2.	Weekly Returns Service (WRS)	United Kingdom	1967	Fleming and Crombie 1985¹⁵⁸
				Fleming et al 1991⁶
				Fleming 1999⁴⁹
3.	Dutch Sentinel General Practice Network (SGPN)	The Netherlands	1970	Schweikardt et al 2016⁴⁷
4.	Dartmouth-Northern New England Primary Care Cooperative Research Network/COOP Project	USA	1977	Nelson et al 1981¹³⁰
				Nelson et al 1981⁵⁴
				Nelson 1983²²⁴
				Mold and Peterson 2005¹¹²
5.	Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN)	USA-Canada	1978	Green et al 1984³⁵
	Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN)			Iverson et al 1988³⁶
				Rosser and Green 1989³⁷
				Green et al 1993¹⁸⁰
				Main et al 1993²²⁵
				Green et al 1994¹⁰⁴
				Nutting et al 1999¹⁸¹
				Lindbloom et al 2004¹⁶⁴
				Pearls of Research^{125(p20,22,24)}
6.	Belgian Network of Sentinel General Practices	Belgium	1978	Lobet et al 1987¹⁶¹
	Belgian Network of Sentinel General Practices			Boffin et al 2010¹⁵⁵
				Boffin et al 2013²²⁶
7.	Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Research Network (MAFPRN)	USA	1978	Solberg et al 1983¹⁷¹
				Solberg et al 1986⁵⁶
8.	Centro Studi e Ricerca in Medicina Generale (CSeRMeG PBRN)	Italy	1983	Visentin 2005⁷⁶
9.	Pediatric Practice Research Group (PPRG)	USA	1984	Christoffel et al 1988¹⁷⁰
	Pediatric Practice Research Group (PPRG)			LeBailly et al 2003¹⁶⁷
				Ariza et al 2004²²⁷
				LaBresh et al 2014²²⁸
10.	International Primary Care Network (IPCN)	National range PBRNs of primary care physicians from Belgium, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and USA	1985	Culpepper and Froom 1988⁴¹
	International Primary Care Network (IPCN)			Froom and Culpepper 1991²²⁹
11.	San Francisco Bay Area Collaborative Research Network (SFBayCRN, previously UCSF PBRN)	USA	1985	Osborn and Petitti 1988¹³⁸
				Croughan-Minihane et al 1999¹²⁷
				Pearls of Research 1998^125(p104)
12.	Transition project (Thanshis)	The Netherlands	1985	Okkes et al 2002²³⁰
13.	General Practice Information Network	New Zealand	1986	Kljakovic et al 1992²³¹
	General Practice Information Network			Leitch 2016²³²
14.	Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS)	USA	1986	Wasserman et al 1992¹⁶⁰
	Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS)			Wasserman et al 1998¹³¹
				Slora et al 2006¹⁷⁸
				Slora and Wasserman 2010⁹⁶
				Wasserman et al 2011⁵⁵
15.	Wisconsin Research Network (WReN)	USA	1987	Pearls of Research 1998^{125(p65–71)}
	Wisconsin Research Network (WReN)			Beasley et al 1991¹²⁴
				Van Weel et al 2000⁹
16.	University of Missouri PBRN	USA	1987	Williamson et al 1988¹³¹
17.	Harrisburg Area Research Network (HARNET)	USA	1988	Slawson et al 1993¹⁸⁹
	Harrisburg Area Research Network (HARNET)			Shaughnessy et al 1999²³³
18.	(CumbReN)	United Kingdom	1988	Robertson et al 2005⁶⁸
19.	Upper Peninsula Research Network (UPRNet)	USA	1988	Pearls of Research 1998^125(p72–5)
20.	Registration Network Family Practices (RNH)	The Netherlands	1988	Metsemakers et al 1992¹⁰⁹
	Registration Network Family Practices (RNH)			Knottnerus et al 1992²³⁴
				Van den Akker et al 1998¹⁸²
				de Lusignan and van Weel 2006²³⁵
21.	Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners (RNZCGP CRN)	New Zealand	1989	Tilyard et al 1995²³⁶
				Dovey and Tilyard 1996⁸⁴
				Rodnick 1999²³⁷
				Hall and Martin 2003²³⁸
				Leitch 2016²³²
22.	Clinical Directors Network (CDN)	USA	1989	Sardell 1996¹¹¹
23.	General Practice Data Retrieval Project (GPDRP)	United Kingdom	1989	Boydell et al 1995¹⁰⁶
24.	Utrecht University General Practices Network	The Netherlands	1989	Hak et al 1998²³⁹
	Utrecht University General Practices Network			Hak et al 1998²⁴⁰
				Venmans et al 2009¹⁸⁶
25.	African Sentinel Practitioner Research Network (SASPREN)	South Africa	1990	Volmink and Furman 1991⁴⁸
				Volmink 1996¹⁴⁶
				Volmink et al 1996¹⁷⁴
				De Villiers 1998¹⁷⁹
26.	University of Adelaide PBRN	Australia	1990	Marley 1992¹⁴⁵
27.	Rotterdam General Practitioners Project (ROHAPRO)	The Netherlands	1990	Middelkoop et al 1994²⁴¹
	Rotterdam General Practitioners Project (ROHAPRO)			Middelkoop et al 1995⁵⁷
28.	Australian Sentinel Practice Research Network (ASPREN)	Australia	1991	Gunn 2002¹⁰
	Australian Sentinel Practice Research Network (ASPREN)			Clothier et al 2005⁴⁶
29.	Northern Primary Care Research Network (NoRen)	United Kingdom	1991	Carter 1998^{52(p77,79–83,86)}
30.	South Texas Ambulatory Research Network (STARNet)	USA	1992	Noël et al 2011²⁴²
	South Texas Ambulatory Research Network (STARNet)			Hayes and Burke 2012²⁴³
				STARNet²⁴⁴
31.	Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework (MRC GPRF GPRF)	United Kingdom	1993	Carter 1998^52(p122–6)
				Comino 2002⁷⁰
32.	Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network (OKPRN)	USA	1994	Mold and Barton 1996¹¹³
	Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network (OKPRN)			Mold and Peterson 2005¹¹²
				Nagykaldi et al 2005¹⁶⁸
				Mold and Gregory 2003¹⁸⁴
				Pearls of Research 1998^125(p85)
				Nagykaldi et al 2006²⁴⁵
33.	Wessex Research Network (WReN)	United Kingdom	1994	Smith and Dunleavey 1996⁷⁸
	Wessex Research Network (WReN)			Van Weel et al 2000⁹
				Gunn 2002¹⁰
34.	Intego	Belgium	1994	Truyers et al 2014¹⁴⁷
				Van Casteren et al 2015²⁴⁶
35.	Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet)	USA	1995	Ornstein and Jenkins 1997⁹¹
	Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet)			Mold and Peterson 2005¹¹²
				Nemeth et al 2007²⁴⁷
				Wessell et al 2008²⁴⁸
36.	Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network (ACORN)	USA	1996	Etz et al 2015²⁴⁹
	Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network (ACORN)			ACORN²⁵⁰
37.	STaRNeT	United Kingdom	1996	Carter 1998^{52(p84–5, 89–101)}
				Thiru et al 2003²⁵¹
				Comino 2002^{70(p12,23,29)}
38.	Residency Research Network of Texas (RRNeT)	USA	1997	Albright et al 2001²⁵²
	Residency Research Network of Texas (RRNeT)			Hill et al 2012²⁵³
				Hayes and Burke 2012²⁴³
				Burge and Hill 2014¹²¹
				RRNeT²⁵⁴
39.	High Plains Research Network (HPRN)	USA	1997	Mold and Peterson 2005¹¹²
	High Plains Research Network (HPRN)			Westfall et al 2006²⁵⁵
40.	Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network	United Kingdom	1995	Frew et al 2001²⁵⁶
	Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network			Cooke et al 2002⁷¹
				Comino 2002⁷⁰
				Hammersley et al 2002²⁵⁷
				Trent Focus, Annual Report 1996-97⁶⁹
				Trent Focus, Annual Report 1998-99¹⁴¹
				Trent Focus, Annual Report 1999 to 2000¹⁴¹
				Trent Focus, Annual Report 2000 to 2001¹²³
				Trent Focus, Annual Report 2001 to 2002²⁵⁸
41.	East London and Essex Network of Researchers (ELENoR)	United Kingdom	1997	Davies et al 2002⁵⁸
	East London and Essex Network of Researchers (ELENoR)			Davies et al 2002⁵⁹
				Graffy et al 2002⁷²
				Graffy 2003²⁵⁹
				Abbott and Gunnell 2005⁵¹
42.	North Staffordshire General Practice Research Network	United Kingdom	1997	Porcheret et al 2004⁷⁴
	North Staffordshire General Practice Research Network			Hayward et al 2013²⁶⁰
43.	West London Primary Care Research Network Community Interest Company (WeLReN)	United Kingdom	1997	Thomas and While 2001⁸⁶
				Comino 2002⁷⁰
44.	TayRen	United Kingdom	1998	Pitkethly and Sullivan 2003⁷³
45.	Scottish Primary Care Research Network SPCRN (previously SPPIRe)	United Kingdom	1998	Zwar et al 2006²⁶¹
				Sullivan et al 2007⁷⁵
				Sullivan et al 2014⁶⁰
46.	American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network (AAFP NRN)	USA	1999	Lindbloom et al 2004¹⁶⁴
				Graham et al 2007¹²⁰
				AAFP National Research Network¹⁶²
				Galliher et al 2009¹⁷⁷
47.	Belgian Primary Care Data Network	Belgium	1999	DeClerq et al 2002¹⁴⁴
48.	Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Network (APRNet)	USA	1999	Deshefy-Longhi et al 2002¹⁶⁹
				McCloskey et al 2003⁹⁷
				Olsen et al 2005²⁶²
				Deshefy-Longhi et al 2008²⁶³
49.	ASPIRE (A Sign Health Polyclinics Initiative for Research Excellence) (Singapore)	Singapore	2000	Chuan and Gan 2001²⁶⁴
50.	Dumfries and Galloway Primary Care Research Network	United Kingdom	2000	Hannay 2006⁶¹
51.	General Practice Research Network (GPRN)	Australia	2000	Sayer et al 2003¹²⁹
	General Practice Research Network (GPRN)			Trinh et al 2017²⁶⁵
52.	Research Involving Outpatient Settings Network (RIOS Net)	USA	2000	Sinclair-Lian et al 2008²⁶⁶
	Research Involving Outpatient Settings Network (RIOS Net)			Williams et al 2009²⁶⁷
53.	Kentucky Ambulatory Network (KAN)	USA	2000	Pearce et al 2004⁹⁸
	Kentucky Ambulatory Network (KAN)			Love et al 2006¹³⁴
54.	Southern Primary-Care Urban Research Network (SPUR-Net)	USA	2000	Kuo et al 2008⁹⁹
55.	University Family Practice Network (UFPN)	Australia	2000	Laurence et al 2001¹³⁶
	University Family Practice Network (UFPN)			Gunn 2002¹⁰
56.	North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) (Now NCnet)	USA	2001	Sloane et al 2005²⁶⁸
				Sloane et al 2006¹⁴⁰
				Gourlay et al 2010¹⁸³
57.	Primary Healthcare Research Network-General Practice (PHReNet)	Australia	2001	Comino 2002⁷⁰
				Comino et al 2002⁶²
				Mehmet et al 2004²⁶⁹
				Magin et al 2011¹⁴³
58.	Continuity Research Network (CORNET)	USA	2002	Serwint 2001¹¹⁴
	Continuity Research Network (CORNET)			Serwint et al 2006¹⁷⁵
				Wasserman et al 2011⁵⁵
59.	Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network (ORPRN)	USA	2002	Nagykaldi et al 2006²⁴⁵
				Fagnan et al 2007¹⁵⁶
				ORPRN¹¹⁵
60.	Midwest Nursing Centers Consortium Research Network (MNCCRN)	USA	2002	Anderko et al 2005²⁷⁰
				Anderko et al 2005¹³⁹
				Anderko et al 2006⁵³
61.	South Australian Primary Health Care Research Network (SARNet)	Australia	2002	Waters et al 2004⁶³
				Ried et al 2006¹⁰⁰
				Aims and objectives for the SARNet Research Network 2006²⁷¹
				Ried et al 2007⁶⁵
				Farmer et al 2005²⁷²
62.	Mecklenburg Area Partnership for Primary Care Research (MAPPR)	USA	2003	Dulin 2005¹⁰⁷
				Dulin et al 2010²⁷³
				Dulin et al 2011¹⁵⁷
				Dulin et al 2012²⁷⁴
				MAPPR²⁷⁵
63.	Electronic Primary Care Research Network (ePCRN)	USA and United Kingdom	2004	Peterson et al 2006²³
	Electronic Primary Care Research Network (ePCRN)	USA and United Kingdom		Fontaine et al 2007³⁸
				Delaney et al 2012³⁹
				Peterson et al 2012⁴⁰
64.	Massachusetts School Nurse Research Network (MASNRN)	USA	2004	Vessey 2007¹⁶⁶
	Massachusetts School Nurse Research Network (MASNRN)			Pulcini et al 2008²⁷⁶
65.	CONTinuous Morbidity Registration Epidemiologic NeTwork (CONTENT)	Germany	2005	Laux et al 2005¹⁵⁰
				Chmiel et al 2011¹⁸⁷
66.	ResoPrim Project	Belgium	2005	De Clercq et al 2009²⁷⁷
67.	UK Clinical Research Network (UKCRN) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) CRN	United Kingdom	2006	Department of Health 2006²⁷⁸
				Department of Health 2006²⁷
				Sullivan et al 2007⁷⁵
				Cooke et al 2008⁵⁰
				Pickstone et al 2008⁸⁵
				National Institute for Health Research 2012²⁷⁹
				National Institute for Health Research 2014¹³⁵
				National Institute for Health Research 2014²⁸⁰
				Local Clinical Research Networks 2016²⁸¹
68.	GRACE-01	International	2006	Butler et al 2009⁴²
				Nuttal et al 2011⁴³
69.	DARTNet	USA	2007	Pace et al 2009²¹
				Maro et al 2009²⁸²
				Pace et al 2009¹⁸⁸
				Libby et al 2010¹¹⁶
				Pace et al 2014¹⁵³
70.	Greater Rochester-PBRN (GR-PBRN)	USA	2007	Gibson et al 2010¹⁰²
71.	OCHIN Practice-Based Research Network (OCHIN PBRN)	USA	2007	DeVoe et al 2011⁹⁰
				DeVoe et al 2012⁹²
				DeVoe and Sears 2013¹¹⁰
				Arkind et al 2015²⁸³
72.	Victorian Primary Care Practice-Based Research and Education Network (VicReN)	Australia	2007	Soós et al 2010⁶⁶
				Australian Primary Care Research Network APCReN²²¹
73.	Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN)	Canada	2008	Birtwhistle et al 2009¹²⁶
				Birtwhistle 2011¹⁵⁹
				Peckham and Hutchison 2012²⁸⁴
				Coleman et al 2015²⁸⁵
74.	European Academy of Pediatrics Research in Ambulatory Settings network (EAPRASnet)	International	2008	Del Torso et al 2010⁴⁴
75.	TARGet Kids Toronto Area Research Group	Canada	2008	Morinis et al 2012¹⁴⁹
	TARGet Kids Toronto Area Research Group			Abdullah et al 2015²⁸⁶
				Carsley et al 2015¹⁴⁸
76.	FIRE Project (Family Medicine ICPC-Research Using Electronic Medical Records)	Switzerland	2009	Chmiel et al 2011¹⁸⁷
				Rizza et al 2012²⁸⁷
				Zellweger et al 2014²⁸⁸
77.	Centricity Health Care User Research Network (CHURN)	USA	N/A (2009?)	Lieberman 2006⁸²
	Centricity Health Care User Research Network (CHURN)			Gill et al 2010²⁸⁹
				Gill et al 2012¹⁸⁵
78.	West of Ireland Research and Education Network (WestREN)	Ireland	2009	Kavanagh et al 2010¹²²
79.	Electronic Practice Based Research Network (e-PBRN)	Australia	2010	Liaw et al 2011¹⁰³
	Electronic Practice Based Research Network (e-PBRN)			Taggart et al 2012¹⁵²
				e-PBRN²⁹⁰
80.	Scalable Architecture for Federated Translational Inquiries Network (SAFTINet)	USA	2010	Schilling et al 2013¹⁶⁵
				Kwan et al 2013²⁹¹
				Sills 2015⁸⁸
				Kwan et al 2016⁹³
81.	Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN)	USA	2010	Likumahuwa et al 2013¹⁰⁸
82.	VA WH-PBRN (USA)	USA	2010	Frayne et al 2013⁸²
				Pomernacki et al 2019²⁹²
83.	WWAMI Region Practice and Research Network (WPRN)	USA	2011	Baldwin et al 2012¹⁸
				Stephens et al 2012⁹⁵
				Cole et al 2014¹¹⁵
				Cole et al 2016²⁹³
84.	Illawarra and Southern Practice Research Network (ISPRN)	Australia	2011	Dijkmans-Hadley et al 2015⁶⁷
85.	PBRN-OSH	Sweden	2011	Jensen et al 2020⁸³
86.	Irish Primary Care Research Network (IPCRN)	Ireland	2012	Galvin et al 2015²⁹⁴
	Irish Primary Care Research Network (IPCRN)			Dillon et al 2015¹⁵⁴
				IPCRN¹²⁷
87.	Home Visiting Applied Research Collaborative/Home Visiting Research Network (HARC/HVRN)	USA	2012	Duggan et al 2013⁷⁹
88.	Swiss Primary Care Active Monitoring Network (SPAM)	Switzerland	2012	Selby et al 2015¹⁷⁶
89.	Developmental Disabilities Practice-Based Research Network (DD-PBRN)	USA	2013	Tyler and Werner 2014⁸¹
90.	Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN)	Australia	2015	Adams et al 2015²⁹⁵
	Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN)			Adams et al 2016⁸⁰
				Adams et al 2017²⁹⁶
				ACORN²⁵⁰
91.	Tutka Primary Care Research Network (TUTKA)	Finland	2015	Koskela 2017¹¹⁸
92.	University of Limerick Education and Research Network for General Practice (ULEARN-GP)	Ireland	2018	O'Regan et al 2020⁸⁹
93.	Pacific People's Health Advisory Group (PPHAG) PBRN	Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Niue, and New Zealand	2018	Lamont et al 2020⁴⁵

PBRN, practice-based research network.