Factors Associated With Depression Screening, Any Imaging Tests, and Complete Blood Count Tests at Initial Medical Encounter
| Depression Screening OR (95% CI) | Any Imaging OR (95% CI) | CBC OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient age (years): | |||
| ≤24 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 25 to 44 | 2.05 (0.37, 11.33) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 2.01 (1.21, 3.35) |
| 45 to 64 | 2.04 (0.36, 11.47) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | 2.86 (1.70, 4.80) |
| ≥65 | 2.19 (0.37, 12.95) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 2.95 (1.75, 4.98) |
| Patient sex: | |||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.12 (0.69, 1.83) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) | 1.27 (0.98, 1.64) |
| Race/ethnicity: | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.42 (1.03, 5.69) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) |
| Hispanic | 2.79 (1.24, 6.25) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.06) | 1.47 (1.00, 2.17) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 2.96 (1.06, 8.25) | 1.30 (0.94, 1.81) | 0.53 (0.27, 1.04) |
| Smoking status: | |||
| No tobacco use | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Current tobacco use | 1.93 (0.82, 4.56) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 1.14 (0.83, 1.56) |
| Source of payment: | |||
| Self-pay | 0.69 (0.21, 2.27) | 0.68 (0.41, 1.14) | 0.71 (0.34, 1.49) |
| Private insurance | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Any public health insurance | 2.26 (1.20, 4.28) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 1.14 (0.86, 1.50) |
| Workers' comp | 1.16 (0.22, 6.09) | 1.06 (0.74, 1.51) | 0.24 (0.08, 0.78) |
| Other* | 2.74 (0.88, 8.52) | 0.95 (0.62, 1.46) | 1.09 (0.55, 2.15) |
| No. of past visits† | |||
| New patient | 0.94 (0.45, 1.99) | 1.67 (1.35, 2.06) | 1.47 (1.00, 2.16) |
| 0 previous visits | 0.82 (0.27, 2.54) | 1.63 (1.26, 2.13) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.45) |
| 1 previous visit | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2 to 3 previous visits | 1.09 (0.51, 2.36) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.13) |
| ≥4 previous visits | 1.27 (0.64, 2.48) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.02) | 0.72 (0.50, 1.03) |
| Physician specialty: | |||
| Family practice | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Internal medicine | 0.92 (0.50, 1.70) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.32) | 1.34 (0.98, 1.84) |
| Pediatrics | 1.17 (0.10, 13.11) | 1.23 (0.85, 1.79) | 1.67 (0.84, 3.33) |
| Orthopedic surgery | 0.14 (0.04, 0.44) | 2.77 (2.25, 3.42) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.13) |
| Neurology | 0.66 (0.16, 2.68) | 0.81 (0.59, 1.13) | 0.31 (0.17, 0.57) |
| Oncology | 1.91 (0.19, 19.08) | 1.97 (0.66, 5.86) | 4.00 (1.34, 11.93) |
| Others | 0.26 (0.09, 0.73) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.69 (0.42, 1.13) |
| Degree: | |||
| MD | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| DO | 0.41 (0.19, 0.88) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.02) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) |
| Practice type: | |||
| Solo | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Nonsolo/group | 1.54 (0.85, 2.78) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.48) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.30) |
| EMR: | |||
| All electronic | 1.89 (0.66, 5.45) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.10) |
| Part electronic/paper | 1.00 (0.30, 3.35) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 1.02 (0.69, 1.49) |
| No electronic | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Survey year: | |||
| 2007 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2008 | 0.39 (0.07, 2.04) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.52) | 1.18 (0.73, 1.90) |
| 2009 | 0.23 (0.04, 1.36) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.20) | 0.84 (0.50, 1.39) |
| 2010 | 0.41 (0.08, 2.12) | 0.92 (0.63, 1.34) | 1.01 (0.64, 1.61) |
| 2011 | 0.34 (0.10, 1.16) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) | 1.68 (1.07, 2.63) |
| 2012 | 0.55 (0.17, 1.79) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.92) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) |
| 2013 | 0.51 (0.17, 1.54) | 0.63 (0.46, 0.86) | 1.09 (0.70, 1.70) |
| 2014 | 1.08 (0.32, 3.70) | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.94) |
| 2015 | 1.51 (0.41, 5.54) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) | 1.50 (0.76, 2.95) |
↵* Source of payment other: charity, unknown, other.
↵† Number of past visits: number of visits in the past 12 months to the practice for other problems (excludes index visit). New patient by definition is a new patient to that clinic and could not have any past visits while a regular patient of the clinic; 0 visits means they were an established patient but did not see the physician for any problem in the previous 12 months.
CBC, complete blood count; CI, confidence interval; EMR, electronic medical record used in the office; OR, odds ratio.