Comparison of Clinical and Behavioral Outcomes at Baseline and 6-Month Visit Among Patients Enrolled in Diabetes Clinic Study
| Intervention Group (n = 36) | Control Group (n = 38) | P Value for Between-Group Comparison of Baseline to 6-Month Change† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 Months | P Value* | Baseline | 6 Months | P Value* | ||
| Weight, mean (SD) | 219.3 (56.4) | 217.0 (56.0) | 0.73 | 230.6 (61.1) | 226.0 (52.5) | 0.51 | 1.0 |
| A1c, mean (SD) | 10.6 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.7) | <0.01 | 10.2 (1.8) | 9.1 (2.0) | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| SBP, mean (SD) | 129.8 (14.1) | 128.6 (19.3) | 0.84 | 134.1 (20.6) | 128.5 (22.3) | 0.06 | 0.49 |
| PHQ-9, n (%) | 1.0 | 0.08 | 0.17 | ||||
| ≤15 | 29 (96.7%) | 28 (96.6%) | 31 (83.8%) | 31 (93.9%) | |||
| >15 | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (6.1%) | |||
| Self-efficacy,‡ mean (SD) | 7.2 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.5) | 0.01 | 7.0 (1.8) | 7.3 (1.5) | 0.26 | 0.05 |
| Self-rated health, n (%) | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.49 | ||||
| Excellent/Very Good | 7 (19.4%) | 10 (31.3%) | 3 (7.9%) | 9 (25.0%) | |||
| Good | 15 (41.7%) | 13 (40.6%) | 16 (42.1%) | 9 (25.0%) | |||
| Fair | 9 (25.0%) | 7 (21.9%) | 17 (44.7%) | 15 (41.7%) | |||
| Poor | 5 (13.9%) | 2 (6.3%) | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (8.3%) | |||
↵* Within-group change from baseline to 6 months was analyzed using the paired t-test for weight, A1c, SBP, and self-efficacy; McNemar's test for PHQ-9 (binary); and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for self-rated health.
↵† For weight, A1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), self-efficacy, and self-rated health, between-group comparisons of baseline to 6-month change were performed using generalized linear models with the 6-month measure as the dependent variable, group (intervention, control) as the primary independent variable, and the baseline measure as a covariate. For PHQ-9 (binary), the Breslow-Day test was used for this purpose.
↵‡ The self-efficacy composite score was calculated as the average of items 1-8.22
PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.