Table 3.

Health Status by Domain and Population Group

	Type 2 Diabetes (D)			SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalized (H)			Respiratory Illness (R)			P Value
	n = 50			n = 41			n = 41
Physical functioning (mean, SD)
Vigorous activities, such as such as at-home biking or running, lifting heavy objects, participating in strenuous activities	53.0	37	^*^‡	29.3	31.6	^*	35.4	37.5	^‡	<0.01
Moderate activities, such as moving a table, pushing a vacuum cleaner, raking leaves, or lawn work	69.0	36.3	^*	42.7	32.7	^*	57.3	38.0		<0.01
Lifting or carrying groceries	77.0	32.3	^*	54.9	40.0	^*	63.4	40.3		<0.05
Climbing several flights of stairs	69.0	37.6	^*^‡	28.0	33.6	^*	40.2	39.1	^‡	<0.001
Climbing one flight of stairs	83.0	29.6	^*^‡	52.4	40.2	^*	64.6	35.8	^‡	<0.001
Bending, kneeling, or stooping	64.0	36.5		48.8	34.4		63.4	37.1
Walking more than a mile (around 2000 steps)	61.0	42.0	^*^‡	31.7	38.3	^*	40.2	40.7	^‡	<0.001
Walking several blocks (around 600 to 1000 steps)	62.0	42.3		45.1	43.1		46.3	42.4
Walking one block (around 100 steps)	79.0	36.5	^*	59.8	39.1	^*	75.6	37.3		<0.05
Bathing or dressing yourself	93.0	17.5	^*	74.4	31.9	^*^†	87.8	24.4	^†	<0.01
Summary score	71.0	27.6	^*	46.7	28.5	^*	57.4	30.3		<0.001
Compared to general population mean score of 70.6 (SD 27.42) (P value)	NS			P>0.001			0.008
Role limitations due to physical health (mean, SD)
Cut down the amount of time you spent on work or other activities	54.0	50.3	^*	19.5	40.1	^*^†	48.8	50.6	^†	<0.01
Accomplished less than you would like	42.0	49.9	^*	14.6	35.8	^*	36.6	48.8		<0.05
Were limited in the kind of work or other activities	50.0	50.5	^*	12.2	33.1	^*^†	43.9	50.2	^†	<0.001
Had difficulty performing the work or other activities (eg, it took extra effort)	44.0	50.1	^*	19.5	40.1	^*^†	46.3	50.5	^†	<0.05
Summary score	47.5	42.3	^*	16.5	28.3	^*^†	43.9	43.6	^†	<0.001
Compared to general population mean score of 52.97 (SD 40.78) (P value)	NS			0.000			NS
Role limitations due to emotional issues
Cut down the amount of time you spent on work or other activities	48.0	50.5	^*^‡	22.0	41.9	^*	56.1	50.2	^‡	<0.01
Accomplished less than you would like	44.0	50.1	^*^‡	17.1	38.1	^*	41.5	49.9	^‡	<0.05
Didn't do work or other activities as carefully as usual	60.0	49.5		39.0	49.4		58.5	49.9
Summary score	50.7	45.8	^*	26.0	37.6	^*^†	52.0	44.1	^†	<0.01
Compared to general population mean score of 65.78 (SD 40.71) (P value)	0.024			0.000			NS
Energy/fatigue (mean, SD)
Did you feel full of pep?	42.8	26.2		35.6	25.5		33.2	26.3
Did you have a lot of energy?	34.0	24.3		30.7	24.1		37.6	25.0
Did you feel worn out?	58.0	28.4		52.2	26.8		46.8	30.5
Did you feel tired?	50.4	28.1	^*	38.5	25.4		37.1	26.3	^*	<0.05
Summary score	46.3	21.8		39.3	20.9		38.7	21.0		NS
Compared to general population mean score of 52.15 (SD 22.39) (P value)	NS			0.000			0.000
Emotional well-being (mean, SD)
Have you been a very nervous person?	68.4	26.8		69.8	32.6		66.0	35.4
Have you felt so down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up?	75.6	26.6		78.0	27.1		78.0	27.5
Have you felt calm and peaceful?	49.2	25.0		44.9	28.6		48.8	28.3
Have you felt downhearted and blue?	68.4	26.8		64.4	28.1		69.3	24.9
Have you been a happy person?	61.2	28.4		59.0	24.5		60.5	24.3
Summary score	64.6	23.4		63.2	22.4		64.5	18.7		NS
Compared to general population mean score of 70.38 (SD 21.97) (P value)	NS			0.047			NS
Social functioning (mean, SD)
Over and above current COVID-19 social distancing guidelines, during the past 4 months, how much time has your physical health or emotional problems interfered with your social activities (like calling family, friends, relatives, connecting by social media, etc.)?	62.5	30.8		47.0	31.7		57.3	32.7
Over and above current COVID-19 social distancing guidelines, during the past 4 months, to what extent has your physical health or emotional problems interfered with your contacting family, friends, neighbors, or other social groups?	63.5	30.0		56.7	28.5		56.7	27.4
Summary score	63.0	27.5		51.8	26.1		57.0	27.4		NS
Compared to general population mean score of 78.77 (25.43) (P value)	0.000			0.000			0.000
Pain (mean, SD)
How much bodily pain have you had during the past 4 months?	67.5	26.4		52.4	30.5		60.4	30.6
During the past 4 months, how much did pain interfere with your normal activities (including both work outside the home and housework)?	58.0	27.2		45.4	24.5		51.7	27.2
Summary score	62.7	25.1	^*	48.9	26.1	^*	56	27.3		<0.05
Compared to general population mean score of 70.77 (SD 25.46) (P value)	0.029			0.000			0.001
General health (mean, SD)
In general, would you say your health is (1, excellent to 5, poor scale)	47.5	20.4		37.2	23.1		39.0	21.0
I seem to get sick a little easier than other people	69.5	30.0		62.2	31.2		36.6	33.1
I am as healthy as anybody I know	49.5	26.5		46.3	31.4		35.4	27.4
I expect my health to get worse	60.5	31.2	^*	66.5	27.2	^†	54.3	32.1	^*^†	<0.001
My health is excellent	39.5	32.0		36.0	33.6		34.8	32.1
Summary score	53.3	23.5	^*	49.6	22.9		40.0	21.2	^*	<0.05
Compared to general population mean score of 56.99 (SD 21.11) (P value)	NS			0.046			0.000

↵* Significant two-way comparisons by post hoc testing.
↵† Significant two-way comparisons by post hoc testing.
↵‡ Significant two-way comparisons by post hoc testing.
NS, no significant differences.