Characteristics of Participants of Minority Race and Ethnicity Across Self-Reported Health Status
| Total | Self-Reported Health | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excellent or Very Good | Good | Fair or Poor | P value | ||
| N | 112 | 30 | 39 | 43 | |
| % | 26.8 | 34.8 | 38.4 | ||
| Age categories (%) | |||||
| 65 to 74 years | 43.8 | 46.7 | 43.6 | 41.9 | .276 |
| 75 to 84 years | 35.7 | 43.3 | 38.5 | 27.9 | |
| 85 years and older | 20.5 | 10.0 | 17.9 | 30.2 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||
| NH black | 51.8 | 46.7 | 66.7 | 41.9 | .077 |
| Hispanic | 40.2 | 43.3 | 23.1 | 53.5 | |
| Other | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 4.7 | |
| Language at home (%) | |||||
| English only | 70.3 | 65.5 | 87.2 | 58.1 | .013* |
| Education (%) | |||||
| <High School | 17.9 | 23.3 | 17.9 | 14.0 | .860 |
| High school graduate/GED | 41.1 | 36.7 | 41.0 | 44.2 | |
| Some college | 29.5 | 23.3 | 30.8 | 32.6 | |
| 4-year degree or more | 11.6 | 16.7 | 10.3 | 9.3 | |
| Health literacy, inadequate | 37.5 | 26.7 | 38.5 | 44.2 | .311 |
| Income (%) | |||||
| <$25 000 | 55.4 | 56.7 | 59.0 | 51.2 | .547 |
| $25 001 to 50 000 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 15.4 | 25.6 | |
| >$50 000 | 19.6 | 13.3 | 23.1 | 20.9 | |
| Income, unknown | 4.5 | 10.0 | 2.6 | 2.3 | |
| Married (%) | 44.6 | 53.3 | 35.9 | 46.5 | .335 |
| Household size, mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.88 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | .533 |
| Cognitive status | |||||
| Any impairment (%) | 4.5 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 7.0 | .590 |
| Functional impairment (%) | |||||
| ADL impairment | 20.5 | 13.3 | 20.5 | 25.6 | .444 |
| IADL impairment | 39.3 | 20.0 | 35.9 | 55.8 | .007 |
| Assistance device use (%) | |||||
| Independent, inside | 70.5 | 76.7 | 71.8 | 65.1 | .554 |
| Independent, outside | 48.2 | 60.0 | 51.3 | 37.2 | .142 |
| Insurance (%) | |||||
| Medicare | 83.9 | 86.7 | 87.2 | 79.1 | .542 |
| Medicaid | 24.1 | 36.7 | 28.2 | 11.6 | .037* |
| Other insurance | 51.8 | 53.3 | 53.8 | 48.8 | .885 |
| Source(s) of care (%) | |||||
| Non-VHA provider | 55.4 | 60.0 | 56.4 | 51.2 | .746 |
| Most of care | |||||
| VHA | 84.8 | 86.7 | 76.9 | 90.7 | .210 |
| Non-VHA | 15.2 | 13.3 | 23.1 | 9.3 | |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Travel to clinic | |||||
| Drive (%) | 49.1 | 50.0 | 46.2 | 51.2 | .897 |
| Travel time, minutes ± SD | 35 ± 22 | 39 ± 10 | 36 ± 26 | 31 ± 18 | .381 |
ALD, Activities of Daily Living; GED, general education degree; IADL, Independent Activities of Daily Living; NH, Non-Hispanic; SD, standard deviation; VHA, Veterans Health Administration.
↵* P < .05.