Associations of Depression Severity with Setting and Type of Treatment (n = 2610)†
| Target | Primary Care | Specialty Mental Health | F5 | F1 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychotherapy‡ (n = 290) | ADM (n = 439) | Combined (n = 219) | Total (n = 948) | Psychotherapy‡ (n = 697) | ADM (n = 373) | Combined (n = 592) | Total (n = 1662) | |||||||||||||
| Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | Est | (S.E.) | |||
| QIDS-SR | 13.12 | (0.08) | 0.02 | (0.06) | −0.18* | (0.05) | −0.06 | (0.07) | −0.06 | (0.03) | −0.09 | (0.04) | 0.06 | (0.05) | 0.22* | (0.04) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 8.6* | 4.6 |
| HRSD (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mild | 29.54 | (0.89) | 0.00 | (0.06) | 0.09 | (0.05) | −0.01 | (0.07) | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.08 | (0.04) | −0.06 | (0.05) | −0.14* | (0.04) | −0.01 | (0.02) | 3.8* | 0.8 |
| Moderate | 33.80 | (0.93) | 0.03 | (0.06) | 0.10 | (0.05) | 0.03 | (0.07) | 0.05 | (0.03) | −0.02 | (0.04) | −0.02 | (0.05) | −0.05 | (0.04) | −0.03 | (0.02) | 1.0 | 3.7 |
| Severe | 20.81 | (0.79) | −0.10 | (0.05) | −0.09 | (0.04) | −0.02 | (0.07) | −0.08 | (0.03) | 0.00 | (0.04) | 0.10 | (0.06) | 0.06 | (0.04) | 0.04 | (0.03) | 2.3 | 8.3* |
| Very severe | 15.85 | (0.71) | 0.07 | (0.06) | −0.14* | (0.04) | 0.00 | (0.07) | −0.01 | (0.03) | −0.08 | (0.03) | −0.02 | (0.05) | 0.17* | (0.05) | 0.01 | (0.02) | 5.7* | 0.2 |
| Years with depression (mean) | 9.74 | (0.22) | 0.06 | (0.07) | −0.07 | (0.04) | −0.08 | (0.06) | −0.01 | (0.03) | 0.06 | (0.04) | −0.09 | (0.05) | −0.03 | (0.04) | 0.01 | (0.02) | 2.1 | 0.2 |
| Depression persistence (%) | 50.93 | (0.67) | −0.08 | (0.06) | −0.12 | (0.05) | 0.04 | (0.07) | −0.06* | (0.03) | 0.01 | (0.04) | 0.00 | (0.05) | 0.10 | (0.04) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 2.3 | 5.7 |
| Depression factors | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depression severity | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.07 | (0.06) | −0.20* | (0.05) | 0.02 | (0.07) | −0.09* | (0.03) | −0.07 | (0.04) | 0.11 | (0.05) | 0.22* | (0.04) | 0.05 | (0.02) | 9.7* | 11.8* |
| Positive mental health | 0.00 | (0.02) | 0.11 | (0.06) | 0.18* | (0.05) | 0.04 | (0.06) | 0.12 | (0.03) | 0.04 | (0.04) | −0.10 | (0.05) | −0.21* | (0.04) | −0.06 | (0.02) | 8.8* | 19.1* |
| Anhedonia | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.12 | (0.06) | −0.09 | (0.05) | 0.04 | (0.07) | −0.08 | (0.03) | −0.03 | (0.04) | 0.07 | (0.05) | 0.14* | (0.04) | 0.04 | (0.02) | 4.2* | 7.8* |
| Cognitive difficulties | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.05 | (0.06) | −0.16 | (0.05) | −0.02 | (0.07) | −0.08 | (0.03) | −0.03 | (0.04) | 0.07 | (0.05) | 0.14 | (0.04) | 0.04 | (0.02) | 4.1* | 8.6* |
| Rumination | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.06 | (0.05) | −0.13 | (0.05) | −0.09 | (0.07) | −0.09 | (0.03) | 0.00 | (0.04) | 0.03 | (0.05) | 0.14 | (0.04) | 0.05 | (0.02) | 3.6* | 10.5* |
| Dissociation | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.08 | (0.06) | −0.13 | (0.05) | 0.02 | (0.07) | −0.07 | (0.03) | −0.02 | (0.04) | 0.06 | (0.05) | 0.13 | (0.04) | 0.04 | (0.02) | 3.4* | 7.7* |
| Mixed episodes | 0.00 | (0.02) | −0.01 | (0.06) | −0.12 | (0.05) | 0.14 | (0.07) | −0.02 | (0.03) | 0.00 | (0.04) | 0.01 | (0.05) | 0.01 | (0.04) | 0.01 | (0.02) | 1.7 | 0.4 |
ADM, antidepressant medication; Est, standardized mean estimates; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; S.E., standard error.; QIDS-SR, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report Scale.
↵* Significant at the 0.05 level, 2-sided test, adjusted for false discovery rate.
↵† Weighted to represent treatment distribution in population; Estimates in the target column are in true metrics of the scales, whereas estimates in the other columns are based on standardized values of the row variables, with mean of 0 and variables of 1.0.
↵‡ Either saw a mental health specialist or referred to mental health treatment.