Factor Analysis (n = 2,169)†
| Seven-Factor Solution | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | |
| I. Depression severity | |||||||
| Sad | 0.59 | -0.23 | -0.01 | -0.13 | 0.02 | 0.06 | -0.18 |
| So sad nothing could cheer up | 0.62 | -0.17 | -0.07 | -0.10 | 0.01 | 0.13 | -0.16 |
| Not feeling much better when good things happen | 0.54 | -0.14 | -0.15 | -0.10 | -0.02 | 0.18 | -0.10 |
| Emotionally numb, empty, unable to feel | 0.50 | -0.08 | -0.19 | -0.07 | -0.05 | 0.24 | -0.05 |
| Excessively guilty or self-blaming | 0.40 | -0.27 | 0.09 | -0.10 | 0.18 | 0.09 | -0.01 |
| Helpless | 0.45 | -0.40 | 0.13 | -0.10 | 0.02 | 0.13 | -0.08 |
| Irritable | 0.75 | 0.03 | -0.11 | 0.03 | -0.10 | -0.15 | 0.13 |
| Extremely irritable | 0.74 | 0.04 | -0.12 | 0.05 | -0.10 | -0.09 | 0.19 |
| Worried and anxious | 0.75 | -0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.05 | -0.09 | -0.07 |
| Difficulty concentrating because of worry | 0.68 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.06 | -0.07 | 0.00 |
| Keyed up or tense | 0.80 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.01 | -0.09 | 0.03 |
| Unusually restless | 0.78 | 0.12 | -0.01 | 0.09 | -0.02 | -0.07 | 0.13 |
| Might lose control | 0.54 | -0.11 | 0.06 | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.12 | 0.18 |
| Fearing something awful | 0.50 | -0.17 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| II. Positive mental health | |||||||
| Less worthwhile than other people | 0.39 | -0.45 | 0.07 | -0.14 | 0.10 | 0.08 | -0.04 |
| Coped well with normal stresses | -0.07 | 0.51 | -0.02 | -0.28 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
| Able to bounce back from stressful situations | -0.05 | 0.54 | -0.02 | -0.26 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03 |
| Can keep from feeling depressed | -0.13 | 0.59 | 0.05 | -0.07 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Satisfied with life | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.05 | -0.06 | 0.03 |
| Felt life was fulfilling | 0.09 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.05 | -0.05 | 0.01 |
| Engaged with life rather than hiding from it | 0.07 | 0.72 | 0.10 | -0.07 | 0.07 | -0.06 | -0.02 |
| Felt mentally healthy | -0.17 | 0.54 | 0.01 | -0.23 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| Felt in control of emotions | -0.17 | 0.57 | -0.05 | -0.21 | 0.06 | 0.08 | -0.06 |
| Had a general sense of well-being | -0.08 | 0.74 | 0.00 | -0.09 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Had a positive outlook on life | 0.03 | 0.85 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| Had the desire to do things | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.22 | -0.13 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Felt confident | -0.04 | 0.69 | 0.02 | -0.16 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.14 |
| Great faith in the future | 0.10 | 0.84 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.03 | 0.07 |
| Expect to succeed | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| Future seemed dark | 0.09 | -0.58 | 0.03 | -0.13 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
| Felt you don't get the breaks | 0.04 | -0.58 | 0.03 | -0.10 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.22 |
| Equally worthwhile/deserving as other people | -0.01 | 0.49 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.15 | -0.04 | -0.02 |
| Ask “What could I have done to deserve this?” | 0.01 | -0.41 | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.36 | -0.01 | 0.28 |
| III. Anhedonia: unable to experience pleasure when… | |||||||
| having favorite food or drinks | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.74 | -0.01 | -0.06 | 0.03 | -0.04 |
| spending leisure time with friends | -0.07 | 0.07 | 0.78 | 0.02 | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.06 |
| doing favorite hobbies or pastimes | -0.04 | 0.05 | 0.78 | -0.03 | -0.06 | 0.05 | -0.01 |
| spending quality time with close loved ones | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.77 | 0.03 | -0.07 | -0.02 | -0.01 |
| having big success at work, school, or in finances | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.72 | -0.08 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 |
| IV. Cognitive difficulties | |||||||
| Problems with concentration/decision-making | 0.15 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.61 | 0.03 | 0.03 | -0.07 |
| Feeling slowed down | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.24 | -0.04 |
| Low energy level | 0.10 | -0.02 | -0.05 | 0.49 | 0.05 | 0.07 | -0.09 |
| Mind as sharp as usual | -0.01 | 0.10 | 0.13 | -0.67 | 0.07 | -0.04 | 0.02 |
| Memory much worse than usual | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.59 | 0.02 | 0.11 | -0.05 |
| Thinking as fast as usual | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.16 | -0.66 | 0.01 | -0.03 | 0.03 |
| Not able to keep track of activities | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| V. Rumination | |||||||
| Analyze recent events to understand why depressed | 0.02 | 0.15 | -0.05 | -0.02 | 0.80 | -0.02 | -0.13 |
| Think about why depressed | 0.06 | 0.06 | -0.12 | -0.04 | 0.69 | 0.07 | -0.06 |
| Write down your thoughts and analyze them | -0.01 | 0.27 | -0.03 | 0.05 | 0.55 | 0.11 | -0.20 |
| Analyze personality to understand why depressed | -0.04 | 0.19 | -0.10 | -0.03 | 0.83 | 0.01 | -0.14 |
| Ask “Why do I always react this way?” | 0.00 | -0.24 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.56 | -0.09 | 0.26 |
| VI. Dissociation | |||||||
| Feeling not real or cut off from the world | 0.09 | -0.17 | -0.05 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.64 | 0.08 |
| Feeling outside of body, watching yourself | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.80 | 0.07 |
| Feeling like surroundings detached or unreal | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.06 |
| Feeling surroundings dreamlike, distant, or distorted | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.08 |
| VII. Mixed episodes | |||||||
| Much better mood, happier, excitable than usual | -0.11 | 0.15 | 0.03 | -0.06 | -0.02 | 0.04 | 0.66 |
| Extremely self-confident or optimistic, could do anything | -0.01 | 0.32 | -0.07 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.62 |
| Mood changed rapidly: very happy, very sad, very angry | 0.29 | -0.02 | -0.07 | 0.00 | -0.13 | 0.05 | 0.60 |
| More talkative than usual | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.00 | -0.11 | 0.10 | 0.70 |
| Thoughts raced through mind so fast hardly kept track | 0.30 | 0.04 | -0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.45 |
| Much more engaged, busy, productive than usual | 0.10 | 0.21 | -0.06 | -0.13 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.66 |
↵† Principal axis factor analysis. The parallel analysis simulation method was used to determine the number of factors to extract.29 Promax rotation was used to improve interpretability.