Appendix 2. Literature Support for Services Amenable to Telehealth (Telehealth Capacity = 1)

 Relevant Literature
ServiceFeasible/SupplementaryEffectiveComparatively EffectiveCost EffectiveOverview
General    Bashshur RL, Howell JD, Krupinski EA, Harms KM, Bashshur N, Doarn CR. The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(5):342 to 375. doi:10.1089/tmj.2016.0045
  Tuckson RV, Edmunds M, Hodgkins ML. Telehealth. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(16):1585 to 1592. doi:10.1056/NEJMsr1503323
  Totten AM, Womack DM, Eden KB. Telehealth: mapping the evidence for patient outcomes from systematic reviews. Technical brief no. 26. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, June 2016
Examination/Screening  
 Alcohol misuse screeningTofighi B, Abrantes A, Stein MD. The Role of Technology-Based Interventions for Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care: A Review of the Literature. Med Clin North Am. 2018;102(4):715 to 731. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.011 
 Molfenter T, Brown R, O'Neill A, Kopetsky E, Toy A. Use of Telemedicine in Addiction Treatment: Current Practices and Organizational Implementation Characteristics. Int J Telemed Appl. 2018;2018:3932643. Published 2018 Mar 11. doi:10.1155/2018/3932643 
 Ríos-Bedoya CF, Hay C. Feasibility of using text messaging for unhealthy behaviors screening in a clinical setting: a case study on adolescent hazardous alcohol use. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20(2):373 to 376. doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000688 
 Depression screeningWang K, Varma DS, Prosperi M. A systematic review of the effectiveness of mobile apps for monitoring and management of mental health symptoms or disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;107:73 to 78. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.006Kingston D, Austin MP, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S, et al. Pregnant Women's Views on the Feasibility and Acceptability of Web-Based Mental Health E-Screening versus Paper-Based Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(4):e88. Published 2017 Apr 7. doi:10.2196/jmir.6866 
 Abd-Alrazaq AA, Alajlani M, Alalwan AA, Bewick BM, Gardner P, Househ M. An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review. Int J Med Inform. 2019;132:103978. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103978 
 Domestic violence screeningBacchus LJ, Bullock L, Sharps P, et al. Infusing Technology Into Perinatal Home Visitation in the United States for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring the Interpretive Flexibility of an mHealth Intervention. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(11):e302. Published 2016 Nov 17. doi:10.2196/jmir.6251Constantino RE, Braxter B, Ren D, et al. Comparing Online with Face-to-Face HELPP Intervention in Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2015;36(6):430 to 438. doi:10.3109/01612840.2014.991049. 
 Hassija C, Gray MJ. The Effectiveness and Feasibility of Videoconferencing Technology to Provide Evidence-Based Treatment to Rural Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Populations. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2011;17(4):309 to 315. doi:10.1089/tmj.2010.0147. 
 Substance abuse screeningMolfenter T, Brown R, O'Neill A, Kopetsky E, Toy A. Use of Telemedicine in Addiction Treatment: Current Practices and Organizational Implementation Characteristics. Int J Telemed Appl. 2018;2018:3932643. Published 2018 Mar 11. doi:10.1155/2018/3932643McKellar J, Wagner T, Harris A, Oehlert M, Buckley S, Moos R. One-year outcomes of telephone case monitoring for patients with substance use disorder. Addict Behav. 2012;37(10):1069 to 1074. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.009 
 Skin Lee KJ, Finnane A, Soyer HP. Recent trends in teledermatology and teledermoscopy. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2018;8(3):214 to 223. Published 2018 Jul 31. doi:10.5826/dpc.0803a13 
  Trettel A, Eissing L, Augustin M. Telemedicine in dermatology: findings and experiences worldwide - a systematic literature review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2017;32(2):215 to 224. doi:10.1111/jdv.14341. 
Lab Tests***Telehealth delivery of lab test results is common practice 
Imaging***Telehealth delivery of imaging results is common practice 
Treatments  
 Mental health counseling/PsychotherapyGoetter EM, Blackburn AM, Bui E, Laifer LM, Simon N. Veterans Prospective Attitudes About Mental Health Treatment Using Telehealth. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. 2019;57(9):38 to 43. doi:10.3928/02793695 to 20190531-02.Barrera TL, Cummings JP, Armento M, et al. Telephone-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Older, Rural Veterans with Depression and Anxiety in Home-Based Primary Care. Clinical Gerontologist. 2016;40(2):114 to 123. doi:10.1080/07317115.2016.1254133.Kalapatapu RK, Ho J, Cai X, Vinogradov S, Batki SL, Mohr DC. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in depressed primary care patients with co-occurring problematic alcohol use: effect of telephone-administered versus face-to-face treatment-a secondary analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014;46(2):85 to 92. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.876521Egede LE, Dismuke CE, Walker RJ, Acierno R, Frueh BC. Cost-Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation for Depression in Older Adult Veterans. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2018;79(5). doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11888. 
 Massoudi B, Holvast F, Bockting CL, Burger H, Blanker MH. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of e-health interventions for depression and anxiety in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;245:728 to 743. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.050.Mohr DC, Ho J, Duffecy J, et al. Effect of telephone-administered vs face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy on adherence to therapy and depression outcomes among primary care patients: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307(21):2278 to 2285. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5588Watzke B, Haller E, Steinmann M, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy in primary care: study protocol of TIDe - telephone intervention for depression. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):263. Published 2017 Jul 19. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1429-5 
 Barrera TL, Cummings JP, Armento M, et al. Telephone-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Older, Rural Veterans with Depression and Anxiety in Home-Based Primary Care. Clinical Gerontologist. 2016;40(2):114 to 123. doi:10.1080/07317115.2016.1254133.Morriss R, Patel S, Malins S, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of remotely delivered cognitive behavior therapy versus treatment as usual for repeat unscheduled care users with severe health anxiety: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):16. Published 2019 Jan 23. doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1253-5Morriss R, Patel S, Malins S, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes of remotely delivered cognitive behavior therapy versus treatment as usual for repeat unscheduled care users with severe health anxiety: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):16. Published 2019 Jan 23. doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1253-5 
  Egede LE, Dismuke CE, Walker RJ, Acierno R, Frueh BC. Cost-Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation for Depression in Older Adult Veterans. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2018;79(5). doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11888. 
  Kirkness CJ, Cain KC, Becker KJ, et al. Randomized trial of telephone versus in-person delivery of a brief psychosocial intervention in post-stroke depression. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):500. Published 2017 Oct 10. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2819-year 
  Kivelitz L, Kriston L, Christalle E, et al. Effectiveness of telephone-based aftercare case management for adult patients with unipolar depression compared to usual care: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186967. Published 2017 Oct 27. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186967 
Health education/Counseling  
 Alcohol abuse counselingGustafson DH, McTavish FM, Chih MY, et al. A smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(5):566 to 572. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4642Kalapatapu RK, Ho J, Cai X, Vinogradov S, Batki SL, Mohr DC. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in depressed primary care patients with co-occurring problematic alcohol use: effect of telephone-administered versus face-to-face treatment-a secondary analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014;46(2):85 to 92. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.876521 
 Asthma education/action plan Locke ER, Thomas RM, Woo DM, et al. Using Video Telehealth to Facilitate Inhaler Training in Rural Patients with Obstructive Lung Disease. Telemed J E Health. 2019;25(3):230 to 236. doi:10.1089/tmj.2017.0330Pinnock H, McKenzie L, Price D, Sheikh A. Cost-effectiveness of telephone or surgery asthma reviews: economic analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55(511):119 to 124.Pinnock H, McKenzie L, Price D, Sheikh A. Cost-effectiveness of telephone or surgery asthma reviews: economic analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55(511):119 to 124. 
  Pinnock H, Adlem L, Gaskin S, Harris J, Snellgrove C, Sheikh A. Accessibility, clinical effectiveness, and practice costs of providing a telephone option for routine asthma reviews: phase IV controlled implementation study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(542):714 to 722.Pinnock H, Adlem L, Gaskin S, Harris J, Snellgrove C, Sheikh A. Accessibility, clinical effectiveness, and practice costs of providing a telephone option for routine asthma reviews: phase IV controlled implementation study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(542):714 to 722. 
  Portnoy JM, Waller M, De Lurgio S, Dinakar C. Telemedicine is as effective as in-person visits for patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117(3):241 to 245. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2016.07.012 
 Diabetes educationDebon R, Coleone JD, Bellei EA, Marchi ACBD. Mobile health applications for chronic diseases: A systematic review of features for lifestyle improvement. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019;13(4):2507 to 2512. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.016.Izquierdo R, Lagua CT, Meyer S, et al. Telemedicine Intervention Effects on Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in the IDEATel Project. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2010;12(3):213 to 220. doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0102.Sood A, Watts SA, Johnson JK, Hirth S, Aron DC. Telemedicine consultation for patients with diabetes mellitus: a cluster randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2018;24(6):385 to 391. doi:10.1177/1357633 × 17704346 
 So CF, Chung JW. Telehealth for diabetes self-management in primary healthcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2017;24(5):356 to 364. doi:10.1177/1357633 × 17700552. 
 Diet/NutritionOlson CA, McSwain S.D., Curfman AL, Chuo J. The Current Pediatric Telehealth Landscape. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2017 to 2334van Doorn-van Atten MN, Haveman-Nies A, Pilichowski P, Roca R, de Vries JHM, de Groot CPGM. Telemonitoring to improve nutritional status in community-dwelling elderly: design and methods for process and effect evaluation of a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):284. Published 2018 Nov 16. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0973-2Eakin E, Reeves M, Lawler S, et al. Telephone counseling for physical activity and diet in primary care patients. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(2):142 to 149. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.042 
  Goode AD, Reeves MM, Eakin EG. Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: an updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(1):81 to 88. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.025 
 Exercise Eakin E, Reeves M, Lawler S, et al. Telephone counseling for physical activity and diet in primary care patients. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(2):142 to 149. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.042 
  Goode AD, Reeves MM, Eakin EG. Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: an updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(1):81 to 88. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.025 
 Family planning/ContraceptionLengle KL, Mangone ER, Parcesepe AM, Agarwal S, Ippoliti NB. Mobile Phone Interventions for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0884. 
 Martinez KA, Rastogi R, Lipold L, Rothberg MB. Response to requests for contraception in one direct-to-consumer telemedicine service. Contraception. February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2020.01.017 
 Growth/developmentTelemedicine in America 2017: Parents Use of Virtual Visits. Nemours Children’s Health System; 2017. https://www.nemours.org/content/dam/nemours/wwwv2/filebox/mediaroom/telehealth-survey-executive-summary-final.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2020. 
 Injury prevention Gielen AC, Bishai DM, Omaki E, et al. Results of an RCT in Two Pediatric Emergency Departments to Evaluate the Efficacy of an m-Health Educational App on Car Seat Use. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018;54(6):746 to 755. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.042. 
 Sexually transmitted disease preventionCordova D, Mendoza Lua F, Muñoz-Velázquez J, et al. A multilevel mHealth drug abuse and STI/HIV preventive intervention for clinic settings in the United States: A feasibility and acceptability study. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221508. Published 2019 Aug 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221508Horberg MA, Blank JG, Rubenstein KB, et al. Impact of Alternative Encounter Types on HIV Viral Suppression Rates in an Integrated Health System. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(11):425 to 431. doi:10.1089/apc.2018.0079Touger R, Wood BR. A Review of Telehealth Innovations for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 2019;16(1):113 to 119. doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00430-z.
 Muessig KE, Nekkanti M, Bauermeister J, Bull S, Hightow-Weidman LB. A systematic review of recent smartphone, Internet and Web 2.0 interventions to address the HIV continuum of care. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12(1):173 to 190. doi:10.1007/s11904-014-0239-3 
 Prado G, Estrada Y, Rojas LM, et al. Rationale and design for eHealth Familias Unidas Primary Care: A drug use, sexual risk behavior, and STI preventive intervention for hispanic youth in pediatric primary care clinics. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019;76:64 to 71. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.11.005 
 Stress managementHoerster KD, Jakupcak M, Stephenson KR, et al. A pilot trial of telephone-based collaborative care management for PTSD among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Telemed J E Health. 2015;21(1):42 to 47. doi:10.1089/tmj.2013.0337 
 Possemato K, Bishop TM, Willis MA, Lantinga LJ. Healthcare Utilization and Symptom Variation Among Veterans Using Behavioral Telehealth Center Services. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2013;40(4):416 to 426. doi:10.1007/s11414-013-9338-year. 
 Substance abuse counseling Kalapatapu RK, Ho J, Cai X, Vinogradov S, Batki SL, Mohr DC. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in depressed primary care patients with co-occurring problematic alcohol use: effect of telephone-administered versus face-to-face treatment-a secondary analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014;46(2):85 to 92. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.876521Shepard DS, Daley MC, Neuman MJ, Blaakman AP, McKay JR. Telephone-based continuing care counseling in substance abuse treatment: Economic analysis of a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;159:109 to 116. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.034Shepard DS, Daley MC, Neuman MJ, Blaakman AP, McKay JR. Telephone-based continuing care counseling in substance abuse treatment: Economic analysis of a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;159:109 to 116. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.034 
 Tobacco use/ExposureE. Lichtenstein, R.E. Glasgow, H.A. Lando, D.J. Ossip-Klein, S.M. Boles, Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: rationales and meta-analytic review of evidence, Health Education Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, June 1996, Pages 243 to 257, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/11.2.243Richter KP, Shireman TI, Ellerbeck EF, et al. Comparative and cost effectiveness of telemedicine versus telephone counseling for smoking cessation [published correction appears in J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e124. Catley, Delwyn [Added]]. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(5):e113. Published 2015 May 8. doi:10.2196/jmir.3975Stead LF, Hartmann-Boyce J, Perera R, Lancaster T. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. December 2013. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002850.pub3
 Kruse G, Park ER, Shahid NN, Abroms L, Haberer JE, Rigotti NA. Combining Real-Time Ratings With Qualitative Interviews to Develop a Smoking Cessation Text Messaging Program for Primary Care Patients. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019;7(3):e11498. Published 2019 Mar 26. doi:10.2196/11498Matkin W, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Hartmann-Boyce J. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. February 2019. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002850.pub4.
 Buller DB, Borland R, Bettinghaus EP, Shane JH, Zimmerman DE. Randomized trial of a smartphone mobile application compared to text messaging to support smoking cessation. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(3):206 to 214. doi:10.1089/tmj.2013.0169 
 Weight reductionSmith E, Bradbury K, Scott L, Steele M, Little P, Yardley L. Providing online weight management in Primary Care: a mixed methods process evaluation of healthcare practitioners' experiences of using and supporting patients using POWeR. Implement Sci. 2017;12(1):69. Published 2017 May 25. doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0596-6Davis AM, James RL, Boles RE, Goetz JR, Belmont J, Malone B. The use of TeleMedicine in the treatment of pediatric obesity: feasibility and acceptability. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;7(1):71 to 79. doi:10.1111/j.1740 to 8709.2010.00248.xDavis AM, Sampilo M, Gallagher KS, Landrum Y, Malone B. Treating rural pediatric obesity through telemedicine: outcomes from a small randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Psychol. 2013;38(9):932 to 943. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jst005 
  Batsis JA, Pletcher SN, Stahl JE. Telemedicine and primary care obesity management in rural areas - innovative approach for older adults?. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):6. Published 2017 Jan 5. doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0396-xAppel LJ, Clark JM, Yeh HC, et al. Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1959 to 1968. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1108660 
   Izquierdo R, Lagua CT, Meyer S, et al. Telemedicine intervention effects on waist circumference and body mass index in the IDEATel project. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010;12(3):213 to 220. doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0102