Table 2.

Characteristics of Practice and Geographic Areas Served by Family Physicians Providing Care to Children (n=11,674): American Board of Family Medicine Certification Examination Practice Demographic Questionnaire Data (2017-2018)

Characteristics	Practice & Geographic Characteristics		Care of Children
	Practice & Geographic Characteristics		≤ 18 Years			Under 5 Years			5 to 18 years
	n	%	n	%	P-Value	n	%	P-Value	n	%	P-Value
Census region
South	3799	32.5	3052	80.3	< .001	2202	58.0	< .001	3047	80.2	< .001
Northeast	1699	14.6	1400	82.4		1140	67.1		1400	82.4
West	3089	26.5	2547	82.5		2032	65.8		2540	82.2
Midwest	3087	26.5	2745	88.9		2494	80.8		2740	88.8
Practice size
Solo	1421	12.2	1154	81.2	< .001	790	55.6	< .001	1152	81.1	< .001
Small	3962	33.9	3374	85.2		2708	68.3		3370	85.1
Medium	3647	31.2	3131	85.9		2691	73.8		3125	85.7
Large	2644	22.7	2085	78.9		1679	63.5		2080	78.7
Practice organization*
Independently owned	3910	33.5	3473	88.8	< .001	2710	69.3	< .001	3471	88.8	< .001
Safety-net	1175	10.1	999	85.0		879	74.8		997	84.9
Health Maintenance Organization	678	5.8	484	71.4		328	48.4		483	71.2
Academic	701	6.0	607	86.6		536	76.5		604	86.2
Hospital-owned	4137	35.4	3698	89.4		3097	74.9		3691	89.2
Other	1073	9.2	483	45.0		318	29.6		481	44.8
Rurality of location
Rural	1963	16.8	1779	90.6	< .001	1612	82.1	< .001	1777	90.5	< .001
Urban	9711	83.2	7965	82.0		6256	64.4		7950	81.9
Language of care delivery
English	8012	68.6	6676	83.3	.534	5449	68.0	.038	6668	83.2	.672
Other Language	3662	31.4	3068	83.8		2419	66.1		3059	83.5
Poverty status
Percent population earning < 200% of federal poverty Level (top quintile)	2252	19.3	1886	83.7	.690	1523	67.6	.795	1881	83.5	.773
Percent census tract population < 18 years
Tertile I (0.01-22.3)	3871	19.4		80.8	< .001		62.5	< .001		80.6	< .001
Tertile II (22.3-25.1)	3890	23.7		84.5			70.2			84.4
Tertile III (25.1-42.0)	3913	27.8		85.0			69.7			84.9
Pediatricians per 3000 children
Quintile IA (0)	1298			82.2	< .001		77.3	< .001		82.1	< .001
Quintile IB (0.09-0.73)	1467			74.6			64.3			74.4
Quintile II (0.73-1.38)	2767			73.4			60.2			73.3
Quintile III (1.38-2.07)	2763			70.7			56.3			70.6
Quintile IV (2.07-3.32)	2767			70.6			54.1			70.4
Quintile V (3.33 to 59.8)	2763			65.5			48.1			65.3
Year of recertification
2017	6220	53.3	5243	53.8	.010	4249	54	.024	5237	53.8	.007
2018	5454	46.7	4501	46.2		3619	46		4490	46.2

↵* Practice organizations were collapsed into 6 categories from 11 responses on the survey. The “independently owned” category included respondents selecting “independently owned medical practice.” The “safety-net” category included federally qualified health centers or look-alikes; rural health clinics (federally qualified); Indian Health Service; and governmental non-federal clinics such as the state, county, city, maternal and child health and public health centers. The “managed care/HMO, health maintenance organization” category included managed care or HMO-owned clinics. The “academic” category included academic medical centers and faculty practices. The “hospital ER/OP, emergency room or outpatient facility” included all hospital or health system-owned medical practices, which excludes managed care or HMOs. The “other” category included federal (military, Veterans Administration/Department of Defense), workplace clinics, and other practice types not listed.