Risk Factors for Childhood Underinsurance
| Variable/Level | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time period | ||||
| Pre-ACA | 1.18 (0.98–1.43) | .086 | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | .340 |
| Post-ACA | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parent | ||||
| Mother | 2.04 (1.56–2.70) | < .001 | 1.93 (1.46–2.55) | < .001 |
| Father | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parent education | ||||
| ≤ AA/some college | 1.69 (1.42–2.00) | < .001 | 1.30 (1.06–1.60) | .011 |
| ≥ College grad | Reference | Reference | ||
| Household income | ||||
| < $50,000 | 1.98 (1.69–2.32) | < .001 | 2.71 (2.15–3.40) | < .001 |
| ≥ $50,000 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parent race | ||||
| Black/other | 1.33 (1.09–1.61) | .004 | 1.19 (0.97–1.47) | .095 |
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parent marital status | ||||
| Married | 0.84 (0.71–0.98) | .032 | 1.19 (0.99–1.44) | .071 |
| Unmarried | Reference | Reference | ||
| Child overall health | ||||
| Fair/poor | 4.17 (2.96–5.88) | < .001 | 3.71 (2.61–5.29) | < .001 |
| Good | 2.21 (1.78–2.75) | < .001 | 1.97 (1.58–2.47) | < .001 |
| Very good | 1.35 (1.13–1.62) | .001 | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | .008 |
| Excellent | Reference | Reference | ||
| Child age category | ||||
| 0.0 to 5.9 years | 0.86 (0.69–1.08) | .207 | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | .174 |
| 6.0 to 12.9 years | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | .206 | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | .337 |
| 13.0 to 17.9 years | Reference | Reference | ||
| Child insurance | ||||
| Private | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | .522 | 2.19 (1.78–2.69) | <.001 |
| Public | Reference | Reference | ||
| Parent age (years) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | .114 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | .598 |
↵* Odds ratios are adjusted for all other variables in the model; n = 4802. For child age category, the unadjusted odds ratio for 6.0 to 12.9 years compared with 0.0 to 5.9 years was 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14–1.59; P = .001, and the adjusted odds ratio was 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13–1.68; P = .001.
AA, Associate of Arts; ACA, Affordable Care Act; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.