Appendix Table 1: Factors Associated with Family Physicians Provision of Care to Children
| Characteristics | Care of Children | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| < 5 Years, OR (95% CI) | 5 to 18 Years, OR (95% CI) | ≤ 18 Years, OR (95% CI) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | |||
| Female | 0.92* (0.84-1.00) | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) | 0.95 (0.85-1.06) |
| Age (years) | |||
| < 39 | |||
| 40 to 49 | 0.80‡ (0.69-0.92) | 0.84* (0.70-1.02) | 0.85 (0.71-1.03) |
| 50 to 59 | 0.66‡ (0.57-0.77) | 0.73‡ (0.60-0.88) | 0.73‡ (0.60-0.89) |
| 60 or over | 0.52‡ (0.44-0.62) | 0.56‡ (0.45-0.70) | 0.58‡ (0.46-0.70) |
| Location of medical school | |||
| USMG | |||
| IMG | 0.73‡ (0.63-0.83) | 0.74‡ (0.63- 0.88) | 0.74‡ (0.63-0.87) |
| Type of medical degree | |||
| MD | |||
| Osteopath | 0.97 (0.83-1.12) | 1.16 (0.95-1.41) | 1.16 (0.95-1.41) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic, White | |||
| Non-Hispanic, Black | 0.74‡ (0.61-0.90) | 0.97 (0.76-1.24) | 0.99 (0.77-1.26) |
| Asian | 0.53‡ (0.47-0.61) | 0.64‡ (0.55-0.75) | 0.65‡ (0.55-0.76) |
| Non-Hispanic, other | 0.69‡ (0.569-0.849) | 0.75† (0.58-0.96) | 0.75† (0.58-0.96) |
| Hispanic | 0.60‡ (0.50-0.73) | 0.51‡ (0.41-0.63) | 0.50‡ (0.40-0.62) |
| Census region | |||
| South | |||
| Northeast | 1.57‡ (1.37-1.80) | 1.09 (0.92-1.29) | 1.08 (0.91-1.28) |
| West | 1.65‡ (1.47-1.85) | 1.37‡ (1.18-1.58) | 1.38‡ (1.19-1.60) |
| Midwest | 2.52‡ (2.23-2.85) | 1.52‡ (1.31-1.78) | 1.54‡ (1.32-1.80) |
| Practice size | |||
| Solo | |||
| Small (2 to 5 providers) | 1.67‡ (1.45-1.93) | 1.48‡ (1.23-1.77) | 1.47‡ (1.22-1.77) |
| Medium (6 to 20 providers) | 2.36‡ (2.02-2.75) | 1.81‡ (1.49-2.20) | 1.81‡ (1.49-2.20) |
| Large (> 20 providers) | 1.72‡ (1.46-2.02) | 1.28† (1.04-1.56) | 1.27† (1.04-1.56) |
| Rural | |||
| Urban | 1.60‡ (1.38-1.85) | 1.39‡ (1.15-1.67) | 1.38‡ (1.15-1.67) |
| Speaks second language | |||
| No, speaks English | |||
| Yes, Spanish/other | 1.33‡ (1.20-1.48) | 1.43‡ (1.25-1.63) | 1.45‡ (1.27-1.65) |
| Practice organization | |||
| Independently owned | |||
| Safety-net | 0.80‡ (0.68-0.95) | 0.47‡ (0.38-0.58) | 0.48‡ (0.39-0.59) |
| HMO | 0.38‡ (0.31-0.46) | 0.30‡ (0.24-0.38) | 0.30‡ (0.24-0.38) |
| Academic | 1.320‡ (1.07-1.62) | 0.81 (0.62-1.04) | 0.83 (0.64-1.08) |
| Hospital owned | 0.91 (0.82-1.02) | 0.82† (0.70-0.96) | 0.83† (0.71-0.97) |
| Other | 0.16‡ (0.14-0.19) | 0.096‡ (0.08-0.11) | 0.096‡ (0.081-0.11) |
| Poverty status of the PCSA of practice location | |||
| Percent population < 200% FPL (top quintile) | 0.96 (0.86-1.08) | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) | 0.95 (0.83-1.10) |
| Percent population < 18 years | |||
| Tertile I | |||
| Tertile II | 1.31‡ (1.18-1.4) | 1.087 (0.951-1.241) | 1.082 (0.947-1.237) |
| Tertile III | 1.36‡ (1.21-1.52) | 1.14* (0.99-1.32) | 1.14* (0.99-1.31) |
| Pediatrician density per 3000 children | |||
| Quintile IA | |||
| Quintile IB | 0.53‡ (0.42-0.68) | 0.57‡ (0.41-0.79) | 0.57‡ (0.41-0.79) |
| Quintile II | 0.42‡ (0.34-0.53) | 0.51‡ (0.38-0.69) | 0.512‡ (0.38-0.69) |
| Quintile III | 0.36‡ (0.29-0.45) | 0.45‡ (0.34-0.605) | 0.44‡ (0.33-0.60) |
| Quintile IV | 0.34‡ (0.27-0.42) | 0.42‡ (0.31-0.57) | 0.42‡ (0.31-0.56) |
| Quintile V | 0.26‡ (0.21-0.32) | 0.29‡ (0.21-0.39) | 0.29‡ (0.21-0.39) |
| 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 0.92* (0.85-1.01) | 0.88† (0.79-0.98) | 0.89† (0.80-0.99) |
| Constant | 3.62‡ (2.70-4.84) | 15.80‡ (10.78-23.15) | 15.73‡ (10.72-23.11) |
| Observations | 11,674 | 11,674 | 11,674 |
OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; MD; Doctor of Medicine; IMG, International Medical Graduate; USMG, United States Medical Graduate; HMO, Health Maintenance Organization; PCSA, Primary Care Service Area; FPL, Federal Poverty Level.
Source: 2017 and 2018 American Board of Family Physician Recertification Examination Application Survey.
↵* P < .1.
↵† P < .05.
↵‡ P < .01.