APEX COPD Registry Variables Agreed by Delphi Consensus
| Category | Sub-Category | Variable |
|---|---|---|
| EHR Variables (n = 115) | ||
| Demographics | Height (In) | |
| Weight (lb) | ||
| Biological sex | ||
| Age (yrs) | ||
| BMI | ||
| Race | ||
| Disease monitoring | COPD diagnosis | COPD |
| Chronic bronchitis | ||
| Emphysema | ||
| AATD | ||
| Differential diagnosis | Asthma | |
| Respiratory infection | Number pneumonia infections in past 2 years | |
| Number of other RTI in past 2 years | ||
| Exacerbations* | No. moderate exacerbations in past year | |
| No. severe exacerbations in past year | ||
| Symptoms | Wheezing | |
| Physiological measurements | Predicted FEV1 (auto-calculated) | |
| FEV1 pre-bronchodilator | ||
| FEV1 post-bronchodilator | ||
| FEV1 (pre-bronchodilator)/Predicted FEV1 (auto-calculated) | ||
| Predicted FVC (auto-calculated) | ||
| FVC pre-bronchodilator | ||
| FVC post-bronchodilator | ||
| FVC (pre-bronchodilator)/Predicted FVC (auto-calculated) | ||
| Predicted FEV1/FVC ratio (auto-calculated) | ||
| FEV1/FVC pre-bronchodilator (auto-calculated) | ||
| FEV1/FVC post-bronchodilator (auto-calculated) | ||
| Reversibility (%) | ||
| PIF | ||
| Pulse oximetry (spO2, %) | ||
| Full blood count | ||
| Blood eosinophil count | ||
| Chest Radiograph | ||
| CT scan | ||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | ||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | ||
| 6-minute walking test (ft) | ||
| GOLD categorization | GOLD 1 to 4 (auto-calculated) | |
| GOLD A-D (auto-calculated) | ||
| Differential diagnosis (predicting asthma) | Allergy | |
| Rhinitis | ||
| Nasal polyps | ||
| Eczema | ||
| Sinusitis | ||
| Differential diagnosis (predicting heart failure) | Ankle edema | |
| Echo cardiogram | ||
| Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide | ||
| Differential diagnosis (predicting lung cancer) | Weight loss | |
| Hemoptysis | ||
| Other diff. diagnosis | Pneumonia | |
| Co-morbidities (cardiovascular) | Angina pectoris/Heart disease/CHD | |
| Heart failure | ||
| Stroke | ||
| Hypertensive disease | ||
| Co-morbidities (pulmonary) | Lung cancer | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | ||
| Hypoxemia | ||
| Co-morbidities (endocrinological) | Diabetes mellitus | |
| Osteoporosis | ||
| Osteoarthritis | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | ||
| Co-morbidities (mental) | Depression | |
| Anxiety | ||
| Co-morbidities (other) | GERD | |
| Anemia | ||
| Treatment | Bronchodilators | SABA |
| LABA | ||
| SAMA | ||
| LAMA | ||
| Steroids | ICS | |
| OCS | ||
| Combinations | SABA/SAMA | |
| LABA/LAMA | ||
| ICS/LAMA | ||
| ICS/LABA | ||
| ICS/LAMA/LABA | ||
| Co-morbidity treatments | Heart failure | |
| Diabetes | ||
| Osteoporosis | ||
| Asthma | ||
| Other treatments | Antibiotics | |
| Macrolides | ||
| PDE inhibitors | ||
| Methylxanthines (eg, theophylline) | ||
| LTRA | ||
| Diuretics | ||
| Mucolytics | ||
| Smoking | Smoking status | |
| How many years has patient smoked? | ||
| Pack years | ||
| Vaccinations | Influenza | |
| Pneumococcal (both) | ||
| Smoking cessation | Smoking cessation advice given | |
| Referral to stop-smoking clinic/advisor | ||
| Nicotine replacement therapy | ||
| Drug therapy (eg, bupropion) | ||
| Surgery | Bullectomy | |
| Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) | ||
| Lung volume reduction coil | ||
| Endobronchial Valve (EBV) | ||
| Lung transplant | ||
| Chest wall vibration | ||
| Specialist referral | Palliative care | |
| Physiotherapist | ||
| Occupational therapist | ||
| Speech therapist | ||
| Clinical psychiatrist | ||
| Clinical psychologist | ||
| Dietitian | ||
| Exercise physiologist | ||
| Chest physician | ||
| Other therapies | Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) | |
| Oxygen therapy | ||
| Home nebuliser | ||
| Ventilatory support | ||
| PRI/PRO variables (n = 34) | ||
| Disease monitoring | Differential diagnosis | Asthma |
| Respiratory infections | No. of pneumonia infections in past 2 years | |
| No. of other RTI in past 2 years | ||
| Exacerbations* | No. of moderate exacerbations in past year | |
| No. of severe exacerbations in past year | ||
| Health status (QoL) | Modified MRC Dyspnea Scale | |
| COPD Assessment Test | ||
| Risk factors | Childhood respiratory infections | |
| Occupational exposure | ||
| Tobacco exposure | ||
| Age of onset of respiratory symptoms yrs) | ||
| Family history of COPD | ||
| Co-morbidities (mental) | Depression | |
| Anxiety | ||
| Treatment | Inhaler management | Spacer with MDI |
| Inhaler technique training | ||
| Inhaler use/adherence | ||
| Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) questionnaire | ||
| Inhaler satisfaction | ||
| Treatment side effects | Oral | |
| Physiological | ||
| Smoking | Smoking status | |
| Date ceased smoking (if applicable) | ||
| How many cigarettes smoked per day? | ||
| How many years has patient smoked? | ||
| Uses e-cigarette? | ||
| Vaccinations | Influenza | |
| Smoking cessation | Desire to quit smoking | |
| Tried to quit in the past | ||
| Smoking cessation advice given | ||
| Education & self- management | COPD education | |
| COPD self-management plan | ||
| Patient’s use of COPD self-management plan | ||
| Other therapies | Pulmonary rehabilitation | |
| PoC Variables (n = 5) | ||
| Disease monitoring | Exacerbations* | No. of moderate exacerbations in past year |
| No. severe exacerbations in past year | ||
| Physiological measures | FEV1 post-bronchodilator | |
| FVC post-bronchodilator | ||
| Treatment | Inhaler management | Inhaler technique assessment |
Modified from Edwards et al, 20201.
↵* COPD exacerbations were defined as an explicit exacerbation (coded in a patient EMR), OR a COPD code (which included COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema) alongside an antibiotic and/or OCS prescription, OR an acute bronchitis, LRTI, influenza, asthma, bronchiectasis or general lower respiratory condition code alongside an OCS and/or antibiotic prescription.
AATD, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; Atb, antibiotic; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β2-agoinist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; MDI, metered dose inhaler; MRC, Medical Research Council; OCS, oral corticosteroid; PDE, phosphodiesterase; PIF, peak inspiratory flow rate; RTI, respiratory tract infection; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; CT scan, computerized tomography scan.