Table 2.

Adjusted Linear Regression Analysis Predicting Knowledge and Understanding of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontal Disease (n = 867)

Variables	B	SE_B	P-Value	95% CI
Gender (reference, Female)
Males	−0.038	0.009	.0001^‡	−0.054, −0.019
Education (reference, 12th grade or less)
Above 12th grade	0.030	0.010	.002^†	0.011, 0.049
Income (reference, low)
Middle	−0.010	0.011	.38	−0.031, 0.012
High	0.026	0.014	.07	−0.002, 0.055
Diabetes treatment (reference, No)
Yes	0.109	0.040	.006*	0.031, 0.186
HCP recommend dentist visit (reference, No)
Yes	0.036	0.009	.0001^‡	0.018, 0.054
Employment (reference, Employed)
Other	−0.002	0.010	.82	−0.022, 0.017
Health literacy (reference, Adequate)
Marginal/inadequate	−0.056	0.011	.0001^‡	−0.077, −0.034
Diabetes type (reference, type 2 diabetes)
Type 1 diabetes	0.028	0.015	.06	−0.001, 0.057
Marital status (reference, Married)
Not married	−0.002	0.011	.83	−0.024, 0.019
Previously married	−0.002	0.011	.84	−0.024, 0.019
Race/ethnicity (reference, non-Hispanic White)
Black or African American	0.046	0.073	.53	−0.097, 0.188
Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin	0.071	0.073	.33	−0.071, 0.214
Asian	0.081	0.078	.30	−0.072, 0.234
Pacific Islander	0.081	0.077	.29	−0.070, 0.231
Other	0.053	0.082	.52	−0.108, 0.214
Diabetes education session (reference, Yes)
No	0.057	0.089	.32	−0.118, 0.233
Diabetes duration	0.004	0.003	.16	−0.002, 0.010
Dental insurance (reference, Yes)
No	−0.013	0.009	.16	−0.031, 0.005
Smoking status (reference, Yes)
No	−0.015	0.010	.16	−0.035, 0.006
Family history of diabetes (reference, Yes)
No	−0.009	0.010	.39	−0.029, 0.011

B, unstandardized regression coefficient; HCP, health care provider; SE_B, Standard error of the coefficient.
↵*P < .05; ^†P < .005; ^‡P < .0001.