Table 3.

Adjusted Relationship Between Telomere Length (Base Pairs) and Usual Source of Care Among NHANES 1999–2002 Participants Aged 50-84 Years Using Multivariate Linear Regression

Variables	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variables	β	SE	P	β	SE	P	β	SE	P
Usual Source of care
Yes	115.5	28.7	<.001	108.5	28.8	.001	98.3	30.0	.003
No	ref			ref			ref
Gender
Male	−76.5	16.6	<.001	−67.5	16.5	<.001	−77.3	17.4	<.001
Female	ref			ref			ref
Age (years)	−3.1	18.6	.867	−6.6	18.4	.722	−8.3	18.4	.653
Age Squared	−0.1	0.1	.573	−0.1	0.1	.707	−0.1	0.1	.783
WBC count (millions/µL)	−12.9	6.6	.061	−13.9	6.9	.054	−11.9	6.3	.067
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	ref			ref			ref
Non-Hispanic Black	98.5	48.7	.053	80.0	49.3	.116	94.3	48.3	.060
Mexican American and Hispanic	29.3	85.9	.736	21.5	85.4	.803	25.4	84.6	.766
Other races	6.2	82.5	.940	9.6	83.2	.909	18.6	83.7	.826
Education level
Less than high school	ref			ref			ref
High school	65.0	30.5	.041	64.7	30.9	.045	59.6	32.1	.073
Some college	21.4	36.9	.566	17.3	35.7	.631	6.3	38.5	.872
College and above	90.7	38.5	.026	86.1	36.2	.024	72.1	36.9	.061
Covered by health insurance
Yes	−16.1	63.3	.801	−24.7	64.2	.703	−32.7	62.6	.605
No	ref			ref			ref
CVD History
Yes				−72.3	35.1	.048	−70.9	35.8	.057
No				ref			ref
Emphysema history
Yes				−105.2	58.3	.082	−99.2	59.8	.108
No				ref			ref
High blood pressure
Yes				73.4	23.6	.004	73.6	22.8	.003
No				ref			ref
Smoking status
Current smoker							−12.8	36.7	.731
Former smoker							28.3	27.5	.312
Never smoked							ref
Physically inactivity
Yes							−45.9	33.2	.177
No							ref

CVD, cardiovascular disease; WBC, white blood cell; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SE, standard error.
Linear regression was used to calculate β coefficients, standard errors, and P-values.