Adjusted Odds of Expecting Opioid Prescriptions in at Least 3 out of 4 Acute Pain Scenarios by Patient Characteristics (n = 93)
| OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|
| Pain catastrophizing score | |
| 1 to 2 | Ref |
| ≥ 3 | 3.73 (1.12-12.46) |
| Anxiety score | |
| < 8 | Ref |
| ≥ 8 | 2.28 (0.77-6.78) |
| Pain intensity | |
| 0 to 4 | Ref |
| 5 to 10 | 0.34 (0.08-1.51) |
| Pain duration | |
| 0 day (not in pain) to 3 month | Ref |
| > 3 months | 1.06 (0.28-4.02) |
| Opioid use duration | |
| 0 day to 3 months* | Ref |
| >3 months or regular use† | 2.68 (0.60-11.97) |
| Education | |
| Completed high school or lower | Ref |
| Completed college or higher | 0.73 (0.25-2.11) |
| Age, years | |
| 18 to 39 | Ref |
| 40 to 59 | 0.84 (0.21-3.30) |
| ≥ 60 | 1.14 (0.30-4.42) |
| Race | |
| Non-White | Ref |
| White | 0.54 (0.15-1.90) |
| Gender | |
| Male | Ref |
| Female | 0.73 (0.25-2.13) |
↵* This category includes patients who have never been prescribed opioids and those who reported use of opioids for ≤ 3 months.
↵† This category includes patients who reported using opioid for >3 months and/or using opioids regularly or as needed for a chronic medical condition.
OR, odds ratio; Cl, confidence interval.