Baseline Characteristics of Study Population by Teach-Back Experience
| Teach-Back | Non-Teach-Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % (95% CI)* | No. | % (95% CI)* | P-Value | |
| Age group, years | |||||
| 18 to 49 | 186 | 21.8 (18.2 to 25.3) | 442 | 19.5 (17.3 to 21.6) | .602 |
| 50 to 59 | 217 | 26.4 (22.4 to 30.3) | 564 | 24.3 (21.8 to 26.9) | |
| 60 to 64 | 121 | 15.4 (12.2 to 18.6) | 323 | 16.0 (13.8 to 18.1) | |
| 65 to 69 | 110 | 12.8 (10.1 to 15.4) | 269 | 14.0 (11.8 to 16.2) | |
| 70+ | 171 | 23.7 (19.1 to 28.3) | 498 | 26.2 (23.4 to 29.0) | |
| Median age (IQR) | 59 (51 to 68) | 61 (51 to 59) | .354 | ||
| Sex | .977 | ||||
| Female | 447 | 52.5 (48.6 to 56.5) | 1151 | 52.6 (49.9 to 55.4) | |
| Male | 358 | 47.5 (43.5 to 51.4) | 945 | 47.4 (44.6 to 50.1) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 230 | 49.5 (44.6 to 54.4) | 821 | 62.8 (59.5 to 66.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 243 | 19.9 (16.9 to 23.0) | 522 | 14.9 (12.6 to 17.1) | |
| Hispanic | 245 | 19.0 (15.5 to 22.4) | 551 | 14.2 (12.0 to 16.4) | |
| Other† | 87 | 11.6 (8.2 to 15.0) | 202 | 8.1 (6.3 to 10.0) | |
| Education | .156 | ||||
| Less than high school | 377 | 40.5 (36.5 to 44.5) | 895 | 36.0 (33.3 to 38.8) | |
| High school/GED | 188 | 25.2 (20.9 to 29.4) | 518 | 25.6 (22.9 to 28.3) | |
| Some college | 144 | 19.4 (15.9 to 22.8) | 421 | 23.8 (21.3 to 26.4) | |
| Bachelor’s or beyond | 96 | 15.0 (11.7 to 18.2) | 262 | 14.5 (12.3 to 16.7) | |
| Family income‡ | .803 | ||||
| Poor | 236 | 21.6 (17.8 to 25.4) | 588 | 20.0 (17.6 to 22.5) | |
| Low income | 149 | 16.4 (13.2 to 19.7) | 381 | 15.5 (13.2 to 17.7) | |
| Middle income | 228 | 29.2 (24.4 to 34.1) | 608 | 31.2 (28.3 to 34.1) | |
| High income | 192 | 32.7 (27.7 to 37.8) | 519 | 33.3 (29.9 to 36.6) | |
| Marital status | .569 | ||||
| Not married | 381 | 41.8 (37 to 46.6) | 992 | 43.5 (40.5 to 46.5) | |
| Married | 424 | 58.2 (53.4 to 63) | 1104 | 56.5 (53.5 to 59.5) | |
| Employment | .721 | ||||
| Not employed | 479 | 55.4 (51.2 to 59.7) | 1230 | 56.4 (53.2 to 59.5) | |
| Employed | 326 | 44.6 (40.3 to 48.8) | 866 | 43.6 (40.5 to 46.8) | |
| Immigration status | <.001 | ||||
| No (born in the US) | 552 | 77.2 (73.1 to 81.4) | 1544 | 84.4 (82.3 to 86.4) | |
| Yes: immigrant | 253 | 22.8 (18.6 to 26.9) | 552 | 15.6 (13.6 to 17.7) | |
| Perceived English proficiency | .379 | ||||
| Comfortable | 486 | 63.7 (58.9 to 68.5) | 1230 | 61.3 (58.6 to 64.1) | |
| Not comfortable | 319 | 36.3 (31.5 to 41.1) | 866 | 38.7 (35.9 to 41.4) | |
| Census region, No. (%) | .606 | ||||
| Northeast | 130 | 16.2 (12.9 to 19.6) | 315 | 15.6 (13.3 to 17.9) | |
| Midwest | 135 | 20.9 (17.0 to 24.8) | 382 | 23.5 (20.4 to 26.5) | |
| South | 324 | 41.2 (36.6 to 45.7) | 882 | 41.3 (38.1 to 44.5) | |
| West | 216 | 21.7 (18.4 to 25.1) | 517 | 19.6 (17.3 to 21.9) | |
| Health insurance, No. (%) | .252 | ||||
| Private | 386 | 56.7 (52.3 to 61.1) | 1054 | 60.1 (57.3 to 62.9) | |
| Public | 351 | 37.6 (33.3 to 41.8) | 852 | 33.8 (31.1 to 36.6) | |
| Uninsured | 68 | 5.7 (4.0 to 7.4) | 190 | 6.1 (4.8-7.3) | |
| General health status | .879 | ||||
| Fair to poor | 324 | 34.3 (30.3 to 38.2) | 836 | 34.6 (31.9 to 37.3) | |
| Excellent to good | 481 | 65.7 (61.8 to 69.7) | 1258 | 65.4 (62.7 to 68.1) | |
| Hearing handicap | .104 | ||||
| No problem | 705 | 84.3 (81.2 to 87.5) | 1864 | 87.1 (84.9 to 89.3) | |
| Having a problem with hearing | 100 | 15.7 (12.5 to 18.8) | 232 | 12.9 (10.7 to 15.1) | |
| Current smoking | .602 | ||||
| No | 659 | 84.7 (81.5 to 87.9) | 1772 | 85.6 (83.5 to 87.8) | |
| Yes | 132 | 15.3 (12.1 to 18.5) | 291 | 14.4 (12.2 to 16.5) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | .824 | ||||
| No | 359 | 43.9 (39.1 to 48.6) | 920 | 43.3 (40.3 to 46.2) | |
| Yes | 438 | 56.1 (51.4 to 60.9) | 1147 | 56.7 (53.8 to 59.7) | |
| Hypertension | .822 | ||||
| No | 188 | 24.5 (20.7 to 28.3) | 489 | 24.1 (21.5 to 26.7) | |
| Yes | 617 | 75.5 (71.7 to 79.3) | 1607 | 75.9 (73.3 to 78.5) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | .136 | ||||
| No | 251 | 31.4 (27.2 to 35.5) | 598 | 27.8 (25.3 to 30.3) | |
| Yes | 554 | 68.6 (64.5 to 72.8) | 1498 | 72.2 (69.7 to 74.7) | |
| Asthma | .919 | ||||
| No | 689 | 86.7 (83.7 to 89.7) | 1810 | 86.5 (84.7 to 88.3) | |
| Yes | 116 | 13.3 (10.3 to 16.3) | 286 | 13.5 (11.7 to 15.3) | |
| COPD | .577 | ||||
| No | 760 | 94.2 (92.0 to 96.4) | 1983 | 93.4 (91.8 to 95.0) | |
| Yes | 45 | 5.8 (3.6 to 8.0) | 113 | 6.6 (5.0 to 8.2) | |
| Time since diabetes diagnosis, years, Median (IQR) | 7 (3 to 13) | 7 (3 to 14) | .345 | ||
| DM care: lifestyle modifications | .298 | ||||
| No | 167 | 18.9 (15.4 to 22.3) | 474 | 21.2 (19.0 to 23.5) | |
| Yes | 638 | 81.1 (77.7 to 84.6) | 1622 | 78.8 (76.5 to 81.0) | |
| DM care: antidiabetic medications | .083 | ||||
| No | 140 | 17.5 (14.5 to 20.4) | 402 | 20.9 (18.6 to 23.2) | |
| Yes | 665 | 82.5 (79.6 to 85.5) | 1694 | 79.1 (76.8 to 81.4) | |
| DM care: insulin injections | .717 | ||||
| No | 562 | 71.6 (67.4 to 75.8) | 1495 | 70.7 (68.2 to 73.3) | |
| Yes | 243 | 28.4 (24.2 to 32.6) | 601 | 29.3 (26.7 to 31.8) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; GED, general educational development; IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval.
↵* Estimates were weighted to be nationally representative using recommended stratification, clustering, and weighting by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
↵† Other includes non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders, Alaskan/American Natives, and other multiple races.
↵‡ Family income level was defined based on Federal Poverty Level [FPL] < 100% as poor income, FPL 100%–200% as low income, FPL 200%–400% middle income, and FPL > 400% high income.