Appendix Table 1: Multivariate Logistic Regression Models of Associations between Patient Characteristics, Internet Access, and Electronic Device Ownership, and Use of Personal and Family Patient Portals in the 2017–2018 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycles 1 and 2, US
| Access Own Medical Record, aOR (95% CI) | Access Family Medical Record, aOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (ref: men) | ||
| Women | 1.5 (1.2-1.8) | 1.6 (1.0-2.3) |
| Age (ref: 18 to 39 years) | ||
| 40 to 59 years | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) |
| ≥ 60 years | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) |
| Race/ethnicity (ref: White) | ||
| Latino | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 1.1 (0.7-1.9) |
| Black | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) |
| Other* | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) |
| Education (ref: college/post grad) | ||
| < High school | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | 0.8 (0.3-2.2) |
| High school grad | 0.5 (0.4-0.7) | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) |
| Vocational, some college | 0.6 (0.5-0.7) | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) |
| Marital status (ref: married, living as married) | ||
| Single | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) |
| Separated, widowed | 0.8 (0.6-0.9) | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) |
| Speak English (ref: very well) | ||
| Well, not well, not at all | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 1.3 (0.6-2.4) |
| Health insurance (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) | 0.9 (0.3-2.5) |
| Regular provider (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) |
| General health (ref: excellent/good) | ||
| Fair/poor | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) |
| Census region (ref: Northeast) | ||
| Midwest | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | 1.2 (0.6-2.2) |
| South | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | 1.2 (0.7-2.1) |
| West | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.4 (0.8-2.5) |
| Rural/urban designation (ref: metro) | ||
| Urban | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) | 0.9 (0.5-2.1) |
| Rural | 0.7 (0.3-1.5) | 0.5 (0.01-29.3) |
| Dial-up (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 1.7 (0.7-4.1) | 1.0 (0.2-4.5) |
| Not ascertained† | 0.6 (0.2-1.5) | 1.0 (0.2-4.5) |
| Broadband (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) |
| Cell network (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 0.9 (0.7-1.4) |
| Wi-Fi (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| Tablet (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.6 (0.5-0.7) | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| Smartphone (ref: yes) | ||
| No | 0.5 (0.4-0.6) | 0.6 (0.3-1.2) |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
n = 6789 for access own medical records and n = 3285 for access family medical records.
↵* Asians, Pacific Islanders, and multiple races.
Among those who responded yes to “Do you ever go online to access the Internet or World Wide Web, or to send and receive email?” any internet use was at 82.0% (n = 5280; 95% CI, 80.6-83.3) with dial-up access at 2.3% (n = 140; 95% CI, 1.7-3.0), broadband access at 52.5% (n = 2749; 95% CI, 50.2-54.9), cell network at 66.2% (n = 3099; 95% CI, 64.3-68.1), and Wi-Fi access at 82.1% (n = 4178; 95% CI, 80.5-83.6).
Any electronic device ownership was at 98.0% (n = 6656; 95% CI, 97.5-98.4) with tablet ownership at 59.8% (n = 3894; 95% CI, 57.7-61.8), smartphone ownership at 79.5% (n = 5008; 95% CI, 78.2-80.8), and cellphone ownership at 15.5% (n = 1317; 95% CI, 14.1-16.8).
† “Not ascertained” (n = 750) were those who reported no internet access and, thus, were not asked questions about means to access the internet via dial up, broadband, cell network, Wi-Fi.
Table includes odds ratio for “not ascertained dial up” only because SAS calculates the first odds ratio for a group of linearly related outcomes, which is the case for “not ascertained” for dial-up, broadband, cell network, and Wi-Fi.
Bolded cells are statistically meaningful.
Logistic regression analysis modeled the probability of 1 (e.g., patient accessed their own medical records).