Table 2.

Comparisons of the Difference in Total Hospital Admissions, Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Urgent Care Visits before and after the First Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Specialty Clinic Visit

	Mean (SD)		t (df)	P-Value*
	Before	After	t (df)	P-Value*
6 month
Hospital admissions	0.3 (0.6)	0.09 (0.4)	5.0 (147)	< .0001^‡
ED visits	0.4 (0.7)	0.1 (0.4)	5.5 (148)	< .0001^‡
Urgent care visits†	—	—	—	—
1 year
Hospital admissions	0.4 (0.8)	0.2 (0.7)	4.1 (148)	< .0001^‡
ED visits	0.5 (0.9)	0.2 (0.7)	4.3 (148)	< .0001^‡
Urgent care visits	0.05 (0.3)	0	1.8 (148)	.07

↵*P-value from paired sample t-test, ‡P < .001.
↵† There were not enough available data to compare urgent care visits six months before and after the first specialty clinic visit.
df, degrees of freedom.