Selected Characteristics of Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes* from the National Health Interview Survey (2016 and 2017), by Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) or Head Start Access Status
| Women Accessing WIC Services† | Women Accessing Head Start Services† | Women Accessing Neither Service‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| % of N§ (95% CI) | % of N‖ (95% CI) | % of N| (95% CI) | |
| Age, years (mean, (SE)) | 31.8 (0.91) | 34.5 (1.24) | 36.8 (0.42) |
| Race | |||
| White | 77.9 (65.3 to 86.9) | 66.1 (41.2 to 84.4) | 73.9 (67.2 to 79.6) |
| African-American | 8.0 (4.1 to 15.0) | 27.1 (10.8 to 53.3) | 10.6 (7.1 to 15.7) |
| Asian, Alaskan Native/American Indian, other¶ | 14.1 (6.4 to 28.1) | 6.8 (1.7 to 23.9) | 15.5 (10.5 to 22.2) |
| Hispanic Ethnicity#,** | 38.3 (25.8 to 52.6) | 39.1 (18.3 to 65.0) | 15.8 (11.6 to 21.2) |
| Income category#,** | |||
| <100% FPL | 38.9 (26.2 to 53.3) | 37.4 (18.4 to 61.3) | 9.5 (6.6 to 13.5) |
| 100% to <200% FPL | 42.2 (27.9 to 57.9) | 26.8 (8.7 to 58.4) | 17.1 (12.6 to 22.8) |
| ≥200% FPL | 18.9 (10.2 to 32.3) | 35.8 (18.3 to 58.1) | 73.4 (67.8 to 78.3) |
| Current insurance coverage#,** | |||
| Uninsured | 15.7 (8.2 to 28.0) | 5.2 (1.4 to 17.4) | 8.2 (5.2 to 12.7) |
| Public | 45.6 (31.9 to 60.1) | 41.0 (20.7 to 64.9) | 14.0 (9.6 to 20.0) |
| Any private | 38.7 (26.8 to 52.1) | 53.8 (30.7 to 75.4) | 77.8 (71.2 to 83.3) |
| Had a visit with a medical provider in the past 1 year# | 85.2 (69.6 to 93.5) | 57.2 (31.8 to 79.4) | 86.2 (80.2 to 90.6) |
FPL, federal poverty level; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; NHIS, national health interview survey.
All descriptive statistics calculated using NHIS sample weights.
↵* Women ages 18 to 45 years without self-reported diabetes or pre-diabetes with a child linked in the dataset.
↵† WIC services for self or child in prior calendar year; child currently enrolled in Head Start.
↵‡ Women who may or may not have had a child in the dataset.
↵| n = 1,438,683 weighted (316 unweighted).
↵§ n = 434,540 weighted (87 unweighted); for income, race, visit in past year, n = 422,228 weighted (86 unweighted).
↵‖ n = 174,104 weighted (37 unweighted); for race and Hispanic ethnicity, n = 173,025 weighted (36 unweighted).
↵¶ More than 1 race.
↵# Indicates categories with significantly different distribution among women accessing WIC compared to women accessing neither service (by Pearson's χ2 test).
↵** Indicates categories with significantly different distribution among women accessing Head Start compared to women accessing neither service.