Aims and Designs of Included Studies
| Aims | Design | Local CDSS* N (%) | PDMP CDSS** N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| To determine if a multi-faceted intervention improved prescribing/guideline adherence | Cluster RCT*** Pre-post | 1/6 (17%) 4/6 (33%) | 0/8 (0%) 0/8 (0%) |
| To determine whether a CDSS improved prescribing/guideline adherence | Pre-post | 0/6 (0%) | 1/8 (13%) |
| To determine if PCPs used a CDSS | Retrospective cohort Cross-sectional survey | 0/6 (0%) 0/6 (0%) | 1/8 (13%) 1/8 (13%) |
| To determine if an intervention affected provider knowledge, behavior, attitudes and/or use related to CDSS | Mixed-methods Pre-post | 0/6 (0%) 0/6 (0%) | 1/8 (13%) 2/8 (25%) |
| To learn about factors affecting opioid prescribing for CNCP, including use of CDSS | Qualitative | 0/6 (0%) | 2/8 (25%) |
| To pilot a multi-component intervention, including a CDSS | Mixed-methods | 1/6 (17%) | 0/8 (0%) |
Abbreviations: CDSS, clinical decision support system; CNCP, chronic non-cancer pain; N/A, not applicable; PDMP, prescription drug monitoring program; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PCPs, primary care providers.
↵* Local CDSSs are used locally within a specific health center, health system or clinic.
↵** PDMP CDSSs are large, centralized, government-run databases.
↵*** CDSS included in both study arms.