Associations between Opioid Use and Self-Reported Driving Outcomes
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Unadjusted Beta Estimate | Partially Adjusted Beta Estimate* | Fully Adjusted Beta Estimate† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | Β | 95% CI | |||||
| Self-rated driving ability | 5.7 | 0.7 | 5.9 | 0.7 | −0.18 | −0.29, −0.08 | −0.19 | −0.30, −0.08 | 0.04ag | −0.08, 0.15 |
| Self-rated driving comfort | 5.8 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 1.0 | −0.02 | −0.17, 0.13 | <0.00 | −0.15, 0.15 | 0.21adg | 0.05, 0.36 |
| Lapses | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.4 | −0.03 | −0.09, 0.04 | −0.04 | −0.11, 0.03 | −0.08befg | −0.15, −0.01 |
| Errors | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | <0.00 | −0.04, 0.06 | <0.00 | −0.05, 0.06 | −0.03befg | −0.09, 0.02 |
| Violations | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.4 | −0.02 | −0.08, 0.04 | −0.03 | −0.10, 0.03 | −0.02abef | −0.08, 0.04 |
↵* Adjusted for age, gender, race, and ethnicity.
↵† In addition to age, gender, race and ethnicity, models may be adjusted for atotal household income, bhighest level of education, cemergency department visit in the past year; dhospital visit in the past year, ealcohol use in the past 3 months, fhad 4 or more drinks on 1 occasion in the past 3 months, gphysical function.
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.