Proportion of Adult 2013 to 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Respondents Taking Each Medication Regimen by Comorbidity Group
| HTN Only | HTN-DM | HTN-CVD | HTN-DM-CVD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 8016 | 3480 | 2533 | 1872 |
| Proportion of sample | 52.8 (51.5, 54.2) | 19.0 (18.0, 20.1) | 17.2 (16.1, 18.3) | 10.9 (10.2, 11.7) |
| Number of HTN medications | ||||
| 1 | 48.9 (47.0, 50.8) | 37.8 (34.9, 40.7) | 33.9 (31.3, 36.6) | 23.7 (20.8, 26.8) |
| 2 | 35.7 (33.9, 37.5) | 33.9 (31.3, 36.5) | 37.2 (34.4, 40.1) | 37.2 (33.8, 40.7) |
| 3 | 12.7 (11.7, 13.8) | 20.8 (18.5, 23.3) | 20.1 (17.7, 22.6) | 26.2 (23.1, 29.5) |
| 4 | 2.3 (1.9, 2.8) | 6.2 (5.0, 7.7) | 7.3 (5.9, 9.1) | 10.3 (8.5, 12.6) |
| ≥5 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | 2.6 (1.9, 3.7) |
| 1 Medication | ||||
| ACE/ARB | 25.2 (23.8, 26.8) | 28.3 (25.6, 31.1) | 12.6 (10.8, 14.6) | 13.2 (10.8, 16.0) |
| Thiazide | 6.2 (5.4, 7.1) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.4) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.6) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) |
| Beta-blocker | 9.2 (8.2, 10.3) | 3.0 (2.3, 4.0) | 13.1 (11.2, 15.2) | 5.2 (4.1, 6.5) |
| CCB | 7.0 (6.3, 7.8) | 3.2 (2.4, 4.3) | 4.7 (3.7, 5.9) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.1) |
| Clonidine/hydralazine/loop/spironolactone | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.9) |
| 2 Medications | ||||
| ACE/ARB & CCB | 6.0 (5.2, 6.9) | 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | 4.8 (3.6, 6.3) | 3.9 (2.8, 5.3) |
| ACE/ARB & Beta-Blocker | 4.5 (3.9, 5.2) | 6.6 (5.3, 8.2) | 12.4 (10.6, 14.5) | 15.9 (13.5, 18.8) |
| ACE/ARB & Thiazide | 15.5 (14.0, 17.1) | 12.9 (11.1, 14.9) | 5.7 (4.3, 7.4) | 6.3 (4.5, 8.5) |
| ACE/ARB & Clonidine/Hydralazine/Loop/Spironolactone | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.5) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) | 2.7 (1.8, 3.9) |
| CCB & Thiazide | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) |
| CCB & beta-blocker | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.3) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.1) |
| CCB & Clonidine/hydralazine/loop/spironolactone | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) |
| Thiazide & Beta-blocker | 4.4 (3.6, 5.2) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.1) | 3.5 (2.6, 4.6) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.8) |
| Thiazide & clonidine/hydralazine/loop/spironolactone | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) |
| Beta-blocker & clonidine/hydralazine/loop/spironolactone | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 3.1 (2.2, 4.2) | 2.8 (1.9, 4.2) |
| Clonidine/hydralazine/loop/spironolactone combination | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.6) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) |
| 3 Medications | ||||
| ACE/ARB & CCB & beta-blocker | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 2.8 (2.1, 3.9) | 3.9 (3.0, 5.2) | 5.5 (4.1, 7.4) |
| ACE/ARB & CCB & thiazide | 4.2 (3.6, 5.0) | 6.7 (5.3, 8.5) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) | 3.1 (2.1, 4.4) |
| ACE/ARB & beta-blocker & thiazide | 3.6 (3.0, 4.2) | 6.0 (4.6, 7.6) | 6.4 (5.1, 8.0) | 7.3 (5.7, 9.3) |
| ACE/ARB & clonidine/hydralazine/diuretic/spiro & 1 other | 1.6 (1.3, 2.0) | 3.3 (2.6, 4.3) | 4.9 (3.9, 6.3) | 7.6 (5.9, 9.6) |
| CCB & beta-blocker & thiazide | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) |
| Remaining 3 medication combinations without ACE/ARB | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) |
| 4 or More Medications | ||||
| ACE/ARB included combinations | 2.5 (2.1, 3.1) | 7.1 (5.7, 8.8) | 8.1 (6.6, 9.9) | 11.9 (9.8, 14.34) |
| 4 or more medication classes without ACE/ARB | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) |
ACE, angiotensin converting-enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.
There were 15,901 hypertensive adults without heart failure taking hypertension medication in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2013 through 2015. We divided our sample into four different comorbidity groups based on hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease or stroke) diagnoses. We then calculated the proportion of adults taking different single-drug and multi-drug hypertension medications regimens in each comorbidity group. Numbers in parentheses represent upper and lower limits of 95% CIs.