Opioid Outcomes by Whether Patient Received a Urine Drug Screen (UDS), Opioid Risk Tool (ORT), Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) and Opioid Treatment Agreement (OTA)—Post-Intervention Period Cohort (n = 1532)
| No UDS (n = 1121) | UDS (n = 411) | P-Value | No ORT (n = 1442) | ORT (n = 90) | P-Value | No COMM (n = 1459) | COMM (n = 73) | P-Value | No OTA (n = 1,343) | OTA (n = 189) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. RX, mean (±SD) | 5.0 (±7.0) | 13.2 (±10.5) | <.0002 | 6.8 (±8.7) | 13.8 (±8.5) | <.0001 | 6.6 (±8.6) | 18.0 (±8.0) | <.0001 | 6.4 (±8.7) | 12.4 (±8.5) | <.0001 |
| Total No. RX categories | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 523 (46.6%) | 62 (15.1%) | 578 (40.1%) | 7 (7.8%) | 584 (40.0%) | < 5 | 564 (42.05%) | 21 (11.1%) | ||||
| 2 | 164 (14.6%) | 30 (7.3%) | 189 (13.1%) | 5 (5.6%) | 194 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 187 (13.9%) | 7 (3.7%) | <.0001 | |||
| 3 | 87 (7.8%) | 15 (3.7%) | <.0001 | 100 (6.9%) | < 5† | <.0001 | 102 (7.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <.0001 | 91 (6.8%) | 11 (5.8%) | |
| ≥4 | 347 (31.0%) | 304 (74.0%) | 575 (39.9%) | 76 (84.4%) | 579 (39.7%) | 72 (98.6%) | 501 (37.3%) | 150 (79.4%) | ||||
| Max daily dose (MED)* | (n = 1118) | (n = 409) | (n = 1438) | (n = 89) | (n = 1455) | (n = 72) | (n = 1,339) | (n = 188) | ||||
| 1 to 50 mg | 1034 (92.5%) | 297 (72.6%) | 1260 (87.6%) | 71 (79.8%) | 1285 (88.3%) | 46 (63.9%) | 1178 (88.0%) | 153 (81.4%) | ||||
| 51 to 100 mg | 66 (5.9%) | 87 (21.3%) | <.0001 | 137 (9.5%) | 16 (18.0%) | .036 | 129 (8.9%) | 24 (33.3%) | <.0001 | 123 (9.2%) | 30 (16.0%) | .015 |
| >100 mg | 18 (1.6%) | 25 (6.1%) | 41 (2.9%) | < 5 | 41 (2.8%) | < 5 | 38 (2.8%) | 5 (2.7%) | ||||
| Co-medications | ||||||||||||
| Tramadol | 197 (17.6%) | 60 (14.6%) | .167 | 244 (16.9%) | 13 (14.4%) | .542 | 244 (16.7%) | 13 (17.8%) | .809 | 217 (16.2%) | 40 (21.2%) | .085 |
| Benzodiazepines | 236 (21.1%) | 139 (33.8%) | <.0001 | 341 (23.7%) | 34 (37.8%) | .003 | 346 (23.7%) | 29 (39.7%) | .002 | 310 (23.1%) | 65 (34.4%) | .0007 |
| Antidepressants | 546 (48.7%) | 245 (59.6%) | .0002 | 735 (51.0%) | 56 (62.2%) | .038 | 743 (50.9%) | 48 (65.8%) | .013 | 666 (49.6%) | 125 (66.1%) | <.0001 |
| Musculoskeletal agents | 309 (27.6%) | 144 (35.0%) | .005 | 417 (28.9%) | 36 (40.0%) | .025 | 425 (29.1%) | 28 (38.4%) | .092 | 375 (27.9%) | 78 (41.3%) | .0002 |
| Anticonvulsants | 266 (23.7%) | 136 (33.1%) | .0002 | 373 (25.9%) | 29 (32.2%) | .184 | 372 (25.5%) | 30 (41.1%) | .003 | 331 (24.7%) | 71 (37.6%) | .0002 |