Variable | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|
Race | |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 1.28 (0.57 to 2.89) |
Asian | 0.95 (0.73 to 1.24) |
Black or African American | 1.46 (1.05 to 2.02) |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0.94 (0.31 to 2.86) |
Other | 1.00 (0.68 to 1.48) |
White | Reference |
Ethnicity | |
Hispanic or Latino | Reference |
Non-Hispanic | 1.07 (0.75 to 1.52) |
Gender | |
Female | Reference |
Male | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.08) |
Medical school training | |
IMG | Reference |
USMG | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.40) |
Practice site ownership status | |
No official ownership stake (100% employed) | 0.44 (0.28 to 0.68) |
Partial owner or shareholder | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.19) |
Self-employed as a contractor (including locums) | 0.57 (0.31 to 1.05) |
Sole owner | Reference |
Other | 0.29 (0.12 to 0.71) |
Practice site size | |
Solo practice | Reference |
2 to 5 providers | 0.96 (0.65 to 1.41) |
6 to 20 providers | 1.26 (0.83 to 1.91) |
>20 providers | 1.45 (0.93 to 2.26) |
Practice site specialty mix | |
Family medicine only | Reference |
Multiple specialties (not only primary care) | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) |
Primary care specialty mix (Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and/or Pediatrics) | 1.01 (0.82 to 1.25) |
Faculty status | |
No | Reference |
Yes, core/salaried faculty | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.48) |
Yes, volunteer/clinical faculty | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.71) |
Hours per week worked | |
0 to 8 | 0.84 (0.49 to 1.43) |
9 to 16 | 1.63 (1.13 to 2.34) |
17 to 24 | 1.28 (0.96 to 1.71) |
25 to 32 | 1.62 (1.31 to 2.00) |
33 to 39 | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.45) |
40 or more | Reference |
Years in practice | |
0 to 10 | Reference |
11 to 20 | 1.10 (0.86 to 1.42) |
21 to 29 | 1.31 (0.91 to 1.87) |
30 or more | 1.05 (0.62 to 1.77) |
Primary practice type | |
Private practice | Reference |
Academic health center | 1.73 (1.03 to 2.91) |
Federal (military, Veterans Administration/Department of Defense) | 4.49 (2.93 to 6.89) |
Managed care/HMO practice | 9.79 (7.05 to 13.58) |
Hospital-/health system-owned | 2.50 (1.83 to 3.41) |
Other | 2.28 (1.43 to 3.63) |
Safety Net | 1.06 (0.68 to 1.66) |
Scope of Practice | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) |
Age in years | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
CI, confidence interval HMO, health maintenance organization; IMG, international medical graduate; OR, odds ratio; USMG, United States medical graduate.