Patients with an identified PCP in 2014 | Patients without an identified PCP in 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retail Clinic | Retail Clinic | |||||
No | Yes† | Standardized Difference (%) | No | Yes‡ | Standardized Difference (%) | |
N | 7047 | 2349 | 5235 | 1745 | ||
Age, years | ||||||
<65 | 7.4% | 8.0% | 2.82 | 9.7% | 10.2% | 1.93 |
65–69 | 19.5% | 19.5% | 21.5% | 21.3% | ||
70–74 | 26.6% | 26.0% | 25.9% | 26.0% | ||
75–79 | 18.1% | 18.6% | 16.4% | 16.4% | ||
80–84 | 12.8% | 12.7% | 12.0% | 11.9% | ||
≥85 | 15.6% | 15.2% | 14.5% | 14.3% | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 34.9% | 35.3% | 2.02 | 42.4% | 42.7% | 1.72 |
Female | 65.1% | 64.7% | 57.6% | 57.3% | ||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White | 82.3% | 81.9% | 1.57 | 82.0% | 81.4% | 1.94 |
Black | 7.9% | 8.2% | 8.9% | 9.0% | ||
Hispanic | 6.3% | 6.2% | 5.3% | 5.7% | ||
Other | 3.5% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.9% | ||
Medicaid eligibility | ||||||
Yes | 7.2% | 7.8% | 2.42 | 9.3% | 8.8% | −1.79 |
No | 92.8% | 92.2% | 90.7% | 91.2% | ||
Distance to nearest retail clinic | ||||||
≤1 mile | 55.0% | 54.4% | 1.37 | 57.6% | 57.4% | 2.27 |
>1 to ≤5 miles | 41.8% | 42.3% | 38.7% | 38.4% | ||
>5 miles | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 4.2% | ||
Chronic conditions (%) | ||||||
0 | 12.1% | 12.2% | 0.86 | 37.6% | 37.4% | 0.51 |
1 | 15.4% | 15.5% | 15.7% | 15.7% | ||
2 | 18.8% | 18.5% | 14.7% | 14.6% | ||
3+ | 53.7% | 53.8% | 32.0% | 32.3% | ||
Hospitalization in 2014 | ||||||
0 | 74.3% | 73.6% | 4.89 | 82.9% | 81.8% | 5.54 |
1 | 17.3% | 17.0% | 11.7% | 11.8% | ||
2 | 5.1% | 5.1% | 3.4% | 3.6% | ||
3+ | 3.3% | 4.3% | 2.0% | 2.8% | ||
Provider visit in 2014 | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 12.72 ± 8.28 | 12.97 ± 8.80 | 2.93 | 5.97 ± 5.84 | 6.23 ± 6.22 | 4.20 |
COC in 2014* | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 0.82 ± 0.27 | 0.81 ± 0.28 | −4.16 | |||
PCP visit in 2015* | t test | t test | ||||
Mean ± SD | 4.65 ± 3.84 | 5.00 ± 4.48 | P = .0003 | 1.65 ± 2.37 | 2.26 ± 3.32 | P < .0001 |
COC in 2015* | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 0.80 ± 0.31 | 0.75 ± 0.33 | P < .001 | 0.74 ± 0.37 | 0.64 ± 0.40 | P < .0001 |
Saw the primary care physician in 2015* | χ2 | |||||
No | 18.3% | 21.4% | P = .0012 | |||
Yes | 81.7% | 78.6% |
↵* Variables were not included in the propensity model.
↵† Seven patients with an identified PCP and retail clinic visit were not within the overlap of propensity score; therefore they were excluded in matched cohort.
↵‡ Four patients without an identified PCP and having retail clinic visit were not within the overlap of propensity score; therefore they were excluded in matched cohort.
PCP, primary care physician; SD, standard deviation; COC, Continuity of Care Index.