Comparisons Between Patients With Retail Clinic Visits and Patients Without Retail Clinic Visits Matched by Propensity Score
| Patients with an identified PCP in 2014 | Patients without an identified PCP in 2014 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retail Clinic | Retail Clinic | |||||
| No | Yes† | Standardized Difference (%) | No | Yes‡ | Standardized Difference (%) | |
| N | 7047 | 2349 | 5235 | 1745 | ||
| Age, years | ||||||
| <65 | 7.4% | 8.0% | 2.82 | 9.7% | 10.2% | 1.93 |
| 65–69 | 19.5% | 19.5% | 21.5% | 21.3% | ||
| 70–74 | 26.6% | 26.0% | 25.9% | 26.0% | ||
| 75–79 | 18.1% | 18.6% | 16.4% | 16.4% | ||
| 80–84 | 12.8% | 12.7% | 12.0% | 11.9% | ||
| ≥85 | 15.6% | 15.2% | 14.5% | 14.3% | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 34.9% | 35.3% | 2.02 | 42.4% | 42.7% | 1.72 |
| Female | 65.1% | 64.7% | 57.6% | 57.3% | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 82.3% | 81.9% | 1.57 | 82.0% | 81.4% | 1.94 |
| Black | 7.9% | 8.2% | 8.9% | 9.0% | ||
| Hispanic | 6.3% | 6.2% | 5.3% | 5.7% | ||
| Other | 3.5% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.9% | ||
| Medicaid eligibility | ||||||
| Yes | 7.2% | 7.8% | 2.42 | 9.3% | 8.8% | −1.79 |
| No | 92.8% | 92.2% | 90.7% | 91.2% | ||
| Distance to nearest retail clinic | ||||||
| ≤1 mile | 55.0% | 54.4% | 1.37 | 57.6% | 57.4% | 2.27 |
| >1 to ≤5 miles | 41.8% | 42.3% | 38.7% | 38.4% | ||
| >5 miles | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 4.2% | ||
| Chronic conditions (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 12.1% | 12.2% | 0.86 | 37.6% | 37.4% | 0.51 |
| 1 | 15.4% | 15.5% | 15.7% | 15.7% | ||
| 2 | 18.8% | 18.5% | 14.7% | 14.6% | ||
| 3+ | 53.7% | 53.8% | 32.0% | 32.3% | ||
| Hospitalization in 2014 | ||||||
| 0 | 74.3% | 73.6% | 4.89 | 82.9% | 81.8% | 5.54 |
| 1 | 17.3% | 17.0% | 11.7% | 11.8% | ||
| 2 | 5.1% | 5.1% | 3.4% | 3.6% | ||
| 3+ | 3.3% | 4.3% | 2.0% | 2.8% | ||
| Provider visit in 2014 | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.72 ± 8.28 | 12.97 ± 8.80 | 2.93 | 5.97 ± 5.84 | 6.23 ± 6.22 | 4.20 |
| COC in 2014* | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.82 ± 0.27 | 0.81 ± 0.28 | −4.16 | |||
| PCP visit in 2015* | t test | t test | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 4.65 ± 3.84 | 5.00 ± 4.48 | P = .0003 | 1.65 ± 2.37 | 2.26 ± 3.32 | P < .0001 |
| COC in 2015* | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.80 ± 0.31 | 0.75 ± 0.33 | P < .001 | 0.74 ± 0.37 | 0.64 ± 0.40 | P < .0001 |
| Saw the primary care physician in 2015* | χ2 | |||||
| No | 18.3% | 21.4% | P = .0012 | |||
| Yes | 81.7% | 78.6% | ||||
↵* Variables were not included in the propensity model.
↵† Seven patients with an identified PCP and retail clinic visit were not within the overlap of propensity score; therefore they were excluded in matched cohort.
↵‡ Four patients without an identified PCP and having retail clinic visit were not within the overlap of propensity score; therefore they were excluded in matched cohort.
PCP, primary care physician; SD, standard deviation; COC, Continuity of Care Index.