Demographic and Medical Characteristics of Emergency Department High Utilizers from 2015 to 2017
| Demographic or Characteristic | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 vs 2016 | 2016 vs 2017 | 2015 vs 2017 | ||||
| Patients, n | 432 | 428 | 427 | |||
| Age, mean (±SD) | 46.2 (±18.5) | 45.8 (±18.2) | 46.1 (±18.8) | .78 | .84 | .94 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 150 (34.7) | 142 (33.2) | 134 (31.4) | .66 | .61 | .31 |
| Female | 282 (65.30) | 286 (66.8) | 293 (68.6) | |||
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 181 (41.9) | 185 (43.2) | 165 (38.6) | .82 | .38 | .59 |
| African American | 238 (55.1) | 228 (53.3) | 247 (57.8) | |||
| Other | 13 (3.0) | 15 (3.5) | 15 (3.5) | |||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Hispanic | 13 (3.0) | 13 (3.0) | 18 (4.2) | 1 | .37 | .37 |
| Non-Hispanic | 419 (97.0) | 415 (97.0) | 409 (95.8) | |||
| Home location, n (%) | ||||||
| East | 209 (48.4) | 187 (43.7) | 167 (39.1) | .36 | .13 | .014* |
| West | 94 (21.8) | 97 (22.7) | 122 (28.6) | |||
| Other | 129 (29.9) | 144 (33.6) | 138 (32.3) | |||
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||||
| Single | 231 (53.5) | 227 (53.0) | 227 (53.2) | .68 | .96 | .76 |
| Married | 95 (22.0) | 107 (25.0) | 105 (24.6) | |||
| Divorced | 62 (14.4) | 53 (12.4) | 57 (13.3) | |||
| Other | 44 (10.2) | 41 (9.6) | 38 (8.9) | |||
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||||||
| Commercial/third party | 85 (19.7) | 86 (20.0) | 85 (19.9) | .87 | .6 | .39 |
| Medicare | 144 (33.3) | 133 (31.1) | 140 (32.8) | |||
| Medicaid | 178 (41.2) | 186 (43.5) | 184 (43.1) | |||
| Other | 25 (5.8) | 23 (5.4) | 18 (4.2) | |||
| Chronic pain, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 58 (13.4) | 75 (17.5) | 64 (15.0) | .11 | .35 | .56 |
| No | 374 (86.6) | 353 (82.5) | 363 (85.0) | |||
| Substance use, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 91 (21.0) | 92 (21.5) | 90 (21.1) | .93 | .93 | 1 |
| No | 341 (78.9) | 336 (78.5) | 337 (78.9) | |||
| Psychiatric condition | ||||||
| Yes | 258 (59.7) | 258 (60.3) | 277 (64.9) | .18 | .89 | .12 |
| No | 174 (40.3) | 170 (39.7) | 150 (35.1) | |||
| Medications, mean (±SD) | 48.8 (±33.5) | 51.0 (±34.8) | 50.9 (±34.3) | .35 | .97 | .36 |
↵* P < .05.
SD, standard deviation.