Positive Screens from Prescription Drug Misuse Screening Instruments
| Research Assistant-Administered Screening Tools | Computer-Administered Tool | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RxCAGE (CAGE modified to focus on prescription drug misuse) | POMI-e (Expanded Prescription Opioid Misuse Index) | Prescription misuse items | |||
| Questions | n (%) yes | Questions | n (%) yes | Questions | n (%) yes |
| Have you ever felt the need to Cut down on your use of prescription drugs? | 528 (22.6) | Do you ever use more of your medication, that is, take a higher dose, than is prescribed for you? | 350 (15.0) | Taken more pills than the doctor told you to | 113 (4.8) |
| Have you ever felt Annoyed by remarks by your friends or loved ones made about your use of prescription drugs? | 246 (10.5) | Do you ever use your medication more often, that is, shorten the time between dosages, than is prescribed for you? | 368 (15.7) | Taken pills more often than the doctor told you | 74 (3.2) |
| Have you ever felt Guilty or remorseful about your use of prescription drugs? | 219 (9.4) | Do you ever need early refills for your medication? | 274 (11.7) | Used medicine prescribed for someone else | 91 (3.9) |
| Have you Ever used prescription drugs as a way to “get going” or “calm down?” | 497 (21.2) | Do you ever feel high or get a buzz after using your medication? | 390 (16.7) | Got the same medicine from more than one doctor | 18 (0.8) |
| Do you ever take your medication because you are upset, using the medication to relieve or cope with problems other than pain? | 260 (11.1) | ||||
| Have you ever gone to multiple physicians, including emergency room doctors, seeking more of your medication? | 99 (4.2) | ||||
| ≥1 item(s) positive | 884 (37.8) | ≥1 item(s) positive | 847 (36.2) | ≥ 1 item(s) positive | 180 (7.7) |
| ≥ 2items positive | 358 (15.3) | ≥2 items positive | 435 (18.6) | ≥ 2 items positive | 81 (3.5) |
RxCAGE, Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener questionnaire modified to focus on prescription medications; POMI-e, Prescription Opioid Misuse Index expanded to include all prescription medications.