Appendix Table 2.

Self-Reported Burnout among 1298 Family Physicians Applying for Continuous Certification with the American Board of Family Medicine in 2016: Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariable Analyses

Variable	Total Family Physicians		Bivariate: Self-Reported Burnout, n/N = 351/1298 (27.0%)		Multivariable Model 1: Self-Reported Burnout		Multivariable Model 2: Self-Reported Burnout
Variable	N = 1298	%	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Perceived clinic capacity social needs
Low (<6)	709	54.6	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
High (≥6)	589	45.4	0.58^*	0.45–0.74	0.71^*	0.52–0.98	0.66^*	0.47–0.91
% Direct patient care
≤50%	139	10.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
51%–79%	91	7.0	1.66	0.94–2.97	1.37	0.67–2.77	1.27	0.59–2.73
≥80%	1068	82.3	1.18	0.78–1.78	0.87	0.53–1.45	0.76	0.41–1.42
Control of workload
Poor	74	5.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Marginal	295	22.7	0.32^*	0.18–0.59	0.34^*	0.18–0.64	0.33^*	0.17–0.62
Satisfactory	485	37.4	0.075^*	0.042–0.14	0.092^*	0.049–0.17	0.088^*	0.046–0.17
Good	349	26.9	0.022^*	0.011–0.044	0.035^*	0.017–0.072	0.032^*	0.015–0.068
Optimal	95	7.3	0.012^*	0.0040–0.038	0.019^*	0.0060–0.061	0.016^*	0.0050–0.054
Team works efficiently
Poor/Marginal	104	8.0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Satisfactory	306	23.6	0.40^*	0.255–0.624	0.86	0.51–1.44	0.74	0.43–1.27
Good	712	54.9	0.18^*	0.118–0.281	0.51^*	0.31–0.84	0.45^*	0.26–0.75
Optimal	176	13.6	0.11^*	0.060–0.191	0.36^*	0.18–0.72	0.32^*	0.16–0.65
EHR time at home
Excessive	284	21.9	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Moderate	385	29.7	0.37^*	0.27–0.51	0.50^*	0.34–0.74	0.51^*	0.35–0.75
Satisfactory	225	17.3	0.17^*	0.11–0.27	0.34^*	0.21–0.57	0.34^*	0.20–0.57
Modest	170	13.1	0.24^*	0.15–0.37	0.52^*	0.31–0.89	0.51^*	0.30–0.88
Minimal/None	234	18.0	0.22^*	0.15–0.33	0.45^*	0.28–0.73	0.45^*	0.28–0.75
HR proficiency
Poor/Marginal	79	6.1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Satisfactory	336	25.9	0.54^*	0.32–0.90	0.67	0.36–1.23	0.650	0.35–1.22
Good	653	50.3	0.57^*	0.35–0.93	0.84	0.47–1.50	0.790	0.44–1.44
Optimal	230	17.7	0.51^*	0.30–0.88	1.07	0.55–2.07	1.00	0.51–1.98
Stage of PCMH
Not applying	435	33.5	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Applying	299	23.0	1.04	0.75–1.45	0.96	0.64–1.43	0.98	0.65–1.48
Recognized	564	43.5	1.11	0.84–1.47	0.82	0.58–1.17	0.90	0.62–1.32
Years in practice (1+)
Continuous (1–53)	1298	100	0.99	0.98–1.00	0.98	0.96–1.00	0.98	0.96–1.00
Sex
Male	573	44.1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Female	725	55.9	0.73^*	0.57–0.932	1.13	0.83–1.54	1.05	0.76–1.45
Race
White	931	71.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Non-white	367	28.3	0.77	0.58–1.02	0.80	0.56–1.13	0.76	0.53–1.09
Ethnicity
Hispanic	78	6.0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Non-Hispanic	1220	94.0	1.92^*	1.04–3.52	1.80	0.90–3.60	1.86	0.91–3.79
Vulnerable patients
<10%	395	30.4	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
10%–19%	343	26.4	1.36	0.98–1.88	1.44	0.97–2.13	1.53^*	1.02–2.28
≥20%	560	43.1	1.27	0.94–1.70	1.24	0.86–1.79	1.31	0.89–1.93
Practice size
Solo	184	14.2	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Small (2–5 clinicians)	439	33.8	1.46	0.97–2.10			1.19	0.69–2.05
Medium (6–20 clinicians)	452	34.8	1.39	0.92–2.10			1.03	0.58–1.82
Large (20 + clinicians)	222	17.1	1.84^*	1.17–2.90			1.74	0.91–3.23
Other	1	0.1	1.00	.			0.00
Practice ownership
Private practice	767	59.1	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Hospital or HMO based	309	23.8	1.05	0.78–1.42			0.83	0.54–1.28
FQHC and similar	136	10.5	1.17	0.79–1.75			1.07	0.60–1.92
Other	86	6.6	1.22	0.75–1.99			1.04	0.53–2.05
Medical school faculty
No	996	76.7	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes, full time	55	4.2	0.71	0.37–1.37			1.11	0.44–2.80
Yes, part time	247	19.0	0.80	0.58–1.11			0.81	0.53–1.24
Residency faculty
No	1,122	86.4	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes, full time	70	5.4	0.70	0.39–1.26			0.59	0.23–1.54
Yes, part time	106	8.2	0.67	0.41–1.10			0.67	0.35–1.25
Pharmacist
No	1,043	80.4	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes	255	19.7	1.16	0.86–1.57			1.23	0.76–1.99
Social work
No	1,057	81.4	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes	241	18.6	1.05	0.77–1.43			0.87	0.52–1.46
Behavior specialist
No	998	76.9	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes	300	23.1	1.26	0.95–1.68			1.36	0.83–2.21
Psychiatrist
No	1,156	89.1	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Yes	142	10.9	1.24	0.85–1.81			0.97	0.53–1.74
Employment
Contractor	45	3.5	Ref	Ref	—	—	Ref	Ref
Employee	847	65.2	0.88	0.67–1.15			1.69^*	1.12–2.54
Owner	406	31.1	0.83	0.42–1.67			0.87	0.37–2.03

↵* P < .05.
OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval; PCMH, patient-centered medical home; HMO, health maintenance organization; FQHC, federally qualified health center; EHR, electronic health record; Ref, reference.