Table 1.

Associations between Aerobic Fitness, Muscle Strength, or Body Mass Index in 1.5 Million 18-Year-Old Men and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease-Related Outcomes and Mortality in Adulthood, Sweden, 1969 to 2012^{^*}

Outcome	Aerobic Fitness (trend test per 100 Watts)			Muscle Strength (trend test per 1000 Newtons)			BMI (trend test per 1 unit)
Outcome	HR^†	95% CI	P	HR^†	95% CI	P	HR^†	95% CI	P
Hypertension	0.70	0.69–0.71	<.001	1.02	1.00–1.04	.02	1.08	1.07–1.09	<.001
Type 2 diabetes	0.66	0.64–0.67	<.001	0.84	0.81–0.87	<.001	1.06	1.06–1.07	<.001
Ischemic heart disease	0.64	0.63–0.66	<.001	1.01	0.98–1.05	.37	1.07	1.06–1.07	<.001
Stroke	0.61	0.59–0.64	<.001	0.87	0.83–0.91	<.001	1.05	1.04–1.06	<.001
Heart failure	0.51	0.48–0.54	<.001	0.72	0.67–0.77	<.001	1.08	1.08–1.09	<.001
Atrial fibrillation	0.99	0.95–1.02	.41	0.94	0.90–0.98	.006	1.05	1.05–1.06	<.001
CVD mortality	0.46	0.44–0.49	<.001	0.58	0.55–0.62	<.001	1.08	1.07–1.09	<.001
All-cause mortality	0.55	0.54–0.57	<.001	0.73	0.71–0.75	<.001	1.03	1.02–1.04	<.001

↵* Crump C, et al. Heart. 2017;103:1780–1787.
↵† Adjusted for age, calendar year, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, BMI, education, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and family history of the respective condition (or family history of any CVD in analyses of mortality).
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.