Table 2.

Practitioner Characteristics Overall and According to Whether They Participated in Activities Assessed

	All		Any Clinical Study		Any Questionnaire Study		Any Meeting		In Network 10 + Years
	N^*	%	N^*	%	N^*	%	N^*	%	N^*	%
	(n = 3669)	(col^† %)	(n = 762)	(row^‡ %)	(n = 2963)	(row^‡ %)	(n = 700)	(row^‡ %)	(n = 297)	(row^‡ %)
Gender
Male	2466	73	490	20	2,040	83	501	20	235	10
Female	891	27	192	22	710	80	183	21	60	7
				P^§ = .3		P = .04		P = .9		P = .01
Race-ethnicity
White	2740	80	540	20	2284	83	499	18	254	9
Black	146	4	34	23	121	83	44	30	16	11
Asian	323	9	78	24	255	79	83	26	14	4
Hispanic	191	6	31	16	141	74	46	24	5	3
Other/multi^¶	34	1	14	41	30	88	12	35	6	18
				P = .004		P = .005		P < .001		P < .001
Year graduated dental school
Before 1980	793	23	139	18	673	85	163	21	77	10
1980 to 89	1057	31	237	22	888	84	233	22	103	10
1990 to 99	717	21	143	20	556	78	154	21	80	11
2000+	891	26	181	20	731	82	136	15	36	4
				P = .08		P < .001		P < .001		P < .001
Practice type
Private	2741	80	491	18	2236	82	441	16	165	6
HP/PDA^‖	120	3	21	18	114	95	28	23	2	2
Public	128	4	9	7	113	88	22	17	0	0
Academic	131	4	13	10	79	60	39	30	1	1
Other/changed	317	9	157	50	287	91	150	47	129	41
				P < .001		P < .001		P < .001		P < .001
Region
Western	469	13	157	33	381	81	137	29	34	7
Midwest	343	10	111	32	272	79	115	34	36	10
Southwest	616	18	117	19	475	77	73	12	0	0
South Central	884	25	156	18	785	89	176	20	176	20
South Atlantic	533	15	97	18	464	87	99	19	51	10
Northeast	636	18	67	11	488	77	89	14	0	0
				P < .001		P < .001		P < .001		P < .001

↵* Numbers not summing to total N in column heading due to missing data.
↵† Column (overall) percent. Excludes missing; column percents not summing to 100 within each practitioner/practice characteristic is due to rounding.
↵‡ Percent of row characteristic that has column characteristic, e.g., percent of male practitioners who participated in a clinical study.
↵§ P-value from χ² test or Fisher exact test for difference in proportions.
↵¶ Of the 34 Other/multi-race: 14 multi, 9 American Indian/Alaskan, 7 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 4 different race each cycle.
↵‖ Practices in the Health Partners Dental Group (Minnesota) or the Permanente Dental Associates (Oregon).
HP/PDA, Health Partner/Permanente Dental Associates.