Age-Standardized* Prevalence of Physician-Initiated Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing by Sociodemographic and Screening-Related Factors Among Men Aged 40 Years and Older Who Had the Test in the Past Year, National Health Interview Survey, 2000 and 2015
| 2000 | 2015 | P value‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N† | % | 95% CI | N† | % | 95% CI | (2015 vs 2000) | ||
| Total | 1642 | 72.3 | 69.0 | 75.4 | 2018 | 84.9 | 82.0–87.4 | <.01 |
| Age, crude estimates | ||||||||
| 40 to 54 years | 462 | 66.1 | 60.7 | 71.1 | 380 | 83.2 | 78.2–87.2 | <.01 |
| 55 to 69 years | 707 | 76.2 | 72.4 | 79.7 | 1029 | 85.5 | 82.5–88.1 | <.01 |
| 70+ years | 473 | 85.4 | 81.2 | 88.7 | 609 | 89.3 | 85.2–92.4 | .13 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 1375 | 72.9 | 69.3 | 76.2 | 1692 | 84.6 | 81.4–87.3 | <.01 |
| Black | 189 | 72.7 | 64.3 | 79.7 | 243 | 87.3 | 79.0–92.7 | <.01 |
| Others | 78 | 71.0§ | 58.6 | 80.9 | 83 | 87.1 | 75.7–93.6 | .03 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 132 | 60.9 | 51.0 | 70.0 | 140 | 85.2 | 75.3–91.5 | <.01 |
| Non-Hispanic | 1510 | 73.0 | 69.5 | 76.2 | 1878 | 84.9 | 81.9–87.5 | <.01 |
| Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 325 | 76.8 | 71.0 | 81.8 | 346 | 81.7 | 72.6–88.3 | .31 |
| Midwest | 379 | 67.5 | 61.4 | 73.1 | 441 | 86.3 | 79.2–91.2 | <.01 |
| West | 634 | 74.0 | 67.6 | 79.4 | 745 | 86.0 | 82.1–89.2 | <.01 |
| South | 304 | 70.5 | 63.0 | 77.0 | 486 | 83.8 | 76.6–89.1 | .01 |
| Born in United States | ||||||||
| Yes | 1489 | 73.1 | 69.6 | 76.4 | 1792 | 85.7 | 82.6–88.3 | <.01 |
| No | 146 | 62.1 | 53.1 | 70.2 | 224 | 81.7 | 73.9–87.5 | <.01 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 273 | 63.0 | 53.9 | 71.3 | 184 | 88.8§ | 74.2–95.6 | <.01 |
| High school graduate | 431 | 74.7 | 67.6 | 80.6 | 483 | 83.4 | 75.3–89.2 | .07 |
| Some college | 416 | 73.6 | 68.1 | 78.5 | 554 | 85.7 | 80.1–89.9 | <.01 |
| College graduate | 510 | 69.3 | 64.1 | 74.1 | 794 | 84.3 | 79.9–88.0 | <.01 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married or living with partner | 1155 | 71.6 | 67.9 | 75.0 | 1339 | 85.2 | 82.0–88.0 | <.01 |
| Widowed, divorced, or separated | 357 | 74.5 | 66.8 | 80.9 | 503 | 81.9 | 74.3–87.7 | .13 |
| Never married | 126 | 75.9 | 66.4 | 83.3 | 174 | 81.1 | 70.1–88.7 | .41 |
| Currently employed | ||||||||
| No | 822 | 79.2 | 71.4 | 85.3 | 1067 | 90.1 | 85.9–93.2 | .01 |
| Yes | 820 | 69.7 | 65.4 | 73.7 | 949 | 84.0 | 80.0–87.3 | <.01 |
| Poverty threshold, % | ||||||||
| <200 | 339 | 80.0 | 70.1 | 87.2 | 378 | 87.8 | 81.8–92.0 | .12 |
| 200 to 299 | 283 | 68.2 | 60.5 | 75.1 | 308 | 88.5 | 79.5–93.8 | <.01 |
| 300 to 399 | 219 | 74.8 | 66.9 | 81.3 | 257 | 82.3 | 72.3–89.2 | .19 |
| 400 to 499 | 189 | 70.8 | 62.9 | 77.7 | 229 | 82.4 | 73.3–88.8 | .03 |
| 500 and more | 612 | 69.8 | 64.8 | 74.4 | 846 | 84.5 | 80.0–88.1 | <.01 |
| Usual source of medical care | ||||||||
| Yes | 1604 | 73.0 | 69.7 | 76.1 | 1971 | 85.0 | 82.0–87.5 | <.01 |
| No | 38 | 41.9§ | 27.4 | 58.0 | 46 | 81.8§ | 63.3–92.1 | <.01 |
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| Uninsured/Medicaid | 106 | 82.2§ | 68.7 | 90.7 | 144 | 83.6 | 73.1–90.5 | .85 |
| Private/Military/Other | 1531 | 71.9 | 68.5 | 75.1 | 1869 | 85.0 | 82.0–87.5 | <.01 |
| Number of doctor visits in the past year | ||||||||
| 1 | 242 | 71.3 | 63.8 | 77.7 | 298 | 73.1 | 64.7–80.1 | .73 |
| 2 | 522 | 67.1 | 61.3 | 72.4 | 681 | 86.4 | 81.9–89.9 | <.01 |
| 3+ | 878 | 76.3 | 72.1 | 80.1 | 1039 | 89.4 | 85.8–92.2 | <.01 |
| Family history of prostate cancer | ||||||||
| No | 1517 | 73.2 | 69.8 | 76.3 | 1806 | 87.1 | 84.6–89.2 | <.01 |
| Yes | 125 | 64.8 | 55.7 | 72.9 | 212 | 68.6§ | 56.9–78.2 | .59 |
| Cancer, excluding prostate and nonmelanoma skin | ||||||||
| No | 1534 | 72.2 | 69.0 | 75.2 | 1820 | 85.0 | 82.0–87.5 | <.01 |
| Yes | 106 | 75.0§ | 58.8 | 86.3 | 197 | 83.2§ | 67.1–92.3 | .39 |
| Comorbidity‖ | ||||||||
| None | 1326 | 71.4 | 68.1 | 74.5 | 1608 | 84.9 | 81.8–87.6 | <.01 |
| 1 disease | 279 | 79.7 | 70.7 | 86.5 | 339 | 81.5§ | 67.0–90.5 | .80 |
| 2+ diseases | 36 | 82.9§ | 67.9 | 91.8 | 71 | 97.2 | 91.1–99.2 | .02 |
| Reported health status | ||||||||
| Excellent/very good | 900 | 72.0 | 68.0 | 75.7 | 1093 | 83.8 | 79.8–87.1 | <.01 |
| Good/fair or poor | 741 | 72.1 | 66.8 | 76.8 | 925 | 86.5 | 82.8–89.5 | <.01 |
| Had colorectal cancer screening | ||||||||
| Yes | 805 | 72.6 | 68.7 | 76.3 | 426 | 83.4 | 78.3–87.5 | <.01 |
| No | 824 | 70.7 | 65.3 | 75.6 | 1588 | 87.7 | 84.1–90.6 | <.01 |
↵* Results for all variables except age were age standardized to the age distribution of the 2000 standard population.
↵† Number may differ from 1646 for 2000 National Health Interview Survey and 2024 for 2015 NHIS because of “don't know,” refused, or missing responses.
↵‡ P value is calculated by t test from the contrast statement of PROC DESCRIPT procedure.
↵§ Estimates may not be reliable as the confidence interval half width ≥10.
↵‖ Number of the following comorbidities (none, 1, 2, and more diseases): hypertension, stroke, diabetes, chronic heart, kidney, liver, and lung diseases.
CI, confidential interval.