Demographic Differences between Low and High Patient Engagement (Unadjusted, Raw Percentages), Restricted to Respondents in Ambulatory Care Who Responded to Patient-Centered Medical Home Survey Module
| Factor | Level | All Respondents, N = 1368 | Low-Intensity Patient Engagement N = 942 | High-Intensity Patient Engagement N = 426 | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, N (column %) | Female | 569 (41.6%) | 368 (39.1%) | 201 (47.2%) | .005 |
| Male | 799 (58.4%) | 574 (60.9%) | 225 (52.8%) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 51.4 (9.0) | 51.5 (9.0) | 51.2 (9.0) | .61 | |
| Race, N (column %) | American Indian or Alaska Native | 13 (1.0%) | 7 (0.7%) | 6 (1.4%) | .044 |
| Asian | 208 (15.2%) | 133 (14.1%) | 75 (17.6%) | ||
| Black or African American | 79 (5.8%) | 46 (4.9%) | 33 (7.7%) | ||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 6 (0.4%) | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.7%) | ||
| Other | 38 (2.8%) | 25 (2.7%) | 13 (3.1%) | ||
| White | 1024 (74.9%) | 728 (77.3%) | 296 (69.5%) | ||
| Ethnicity, N (column %) | Hispanic or Latino | 77 (5.6%) | 58 (6.2%) | 19 (4.5%) | .21 |
| Non-Hispanic | 1291 (94.4%) | 884 (93.8%) | 407 (95.5%) | ||
| Practice size (small to large), N (column %) | Solo practice | 181 (13.2%) | 153 (16.2%) | 28 (6.6%) | <.001 |
| Small (2 to 5 providers) | 516 (37.7%) | 396 (42.0%) | 120 (28.2%) | ||
| Medium (6 to 20 providers) | 443 (32.4%) | 281 (29.8%) | 162 (38.0%) | ||
| Large (20+ providers) | 228 (16.7%) | 112 (11.9%) | 116 (27.2%) | ||
| Practice ownership, N (column %) | Private/solo/group practice | 752 (55.0%) | 563 (59.8%) | 189 (44.4%) | <.001 |
| Hospital/HMO based | 265 (19.4%) | 173 (18.4%) | 92 (21.6%) | ||
| FQHC or similar | 168 (12.3%) | 102 (10.8%) | 66 (15.5%) | ||
| Other | 92 (6.7%) | 62 (6.6%) | 30 (7.0%) | ||
| Academic practice | 91 (6.7%) | 42 (4.5%) | 49 (11.5%) | ||
| % Vulnerable patients, N (column %) | <10% | 370 (27.0%) | 298 (31.6%) | 72 (16.9%) | <.001 |
| 10% to 50% | 775 (56.7%) | 509 (54.0%) | 266 (62.4%) | ||
| >50% | 223 (16.3%) | 135 (14.3%) | 88 (20.7%) | ||
| Census region, N (column %) | Midwest | 376 (27.5%) | 243 (25.8%) | 133 (31.2%) | .002 |
| Northeast | 186 (13.6%) | 133 (14.1%) | 53 (12.4%) | ||
| South | 471 (34.4%) | 352 (37.4%) | 119 (27.9%) | ||
| West | 335 (24.5%) | 214 (22.7%) | 121 (28.4%) | ||
| PCMH certification Stages, N (column %) | Not applying | 487 (35.6%) | 393 (41.7%) | 94 (22.1%) | <.001 |
| Applying | 278 (20.3%) | 195 (20.7%) | 83 (19.5%) | ||
| PCMH accredited | 603 (44.1%) | 354 (37.6%) | 249 (58.5%) | ||
| Number of non-MD disciplines represented on care team (0 to 7), mean (SD) | 2.56 (2.06) | 2.22 (1.93) | 3.30 (2.16) | <.001 | |
| Presence of care coordinator (yes or no/unsure), N (column %) | No/unsure | 500 (36.5%) | 417 (44.3%) | 83 (19.5%) | <.001 |
| Yes | 868 (63.5%) | 525 (55.7%) | 343 (80.5%) | ||
| Number of patient access attributes, mean (SD) | 2.94 (1.04) | 2.80 (1.07) | 3.26 (0.91) | <.001 | |
| Number of quality improvement activities, mean (SD) | 3.10 (1.20) | 2.89 (1.28) | 3.57 (0.83) | <.001 |
↵* P values calculated for χ2 test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.
SD, standard deviation; HMO, Healthcare Maintenance Organization; FQHC, Federally Qualified Health Center; PCMH, Patient-Centered Medical Home; MD, Medical Doctor.