Table 3.

Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population Multivariable Logistic Regression of Health and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Depression Assessment in the United States, 2014/2015 (n = 1852)

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)P value
Sex
    Male0.58 (0.46–0.72)<.001
    Female (reference)
Age (years)
    35 to 490.81 (0.60–1.09).156
    50 to 64 (reference)
    65 to 740.83 (0.62–1.10).200
    75+0.47 (0.32–0.69)<.001
Race/Ethnicity
    Hispanic0.47 (0.29–0.75).002
    Non-Hispanic White/other (reference)
    Non-Hispanic Black0.42 (0.27–0.67)<.001
    Non-Hispanic Asian0.35 (0.19–0.67).002
Education
    Less than high school diploma0.59 (0.36–0.95).032
    High school diploma0.52 (0.35–0.75).001
    Some college0.72 (0.49–1.07).101
    Bachelor's degree1.13 (0.76–1.68).539
    Master's degree+ (reference)
Poverty status
    <100% of FPL (poor)1.42 (0.93–2.19).108
    100% to 124% of FPL (near poor)0.79 (0.42–1.51).475
    125% to 199% of FPL (low income)0.92 (0.58–1.44).703
    200% to 399% of FPL (middle income)1.11 (0.84–1.47).450
    >400% of FPL (high income) (reference)
Region
    Northeast (reference)
    Midwest0.90 (0.61–1.34).609
    South0.87 (0.62–1.23).432
    West0.76 (0.51–1.12).165
MSA Status
    Non-metropolitan statistical area0.82 (0.56–1.21).316
    Metropolitan statistical area (reference)
Perceived health
    Excellent0.37 (0.23–0.58)<.001
    Very good0.51 (0.33–0.78).002
    Good0.62 (0.43–0.91).015
    Fair/poor (reference)
Insurance coverage
    Any private (reference)
    Public only1.20 (0.86–1.68).276
    Uninsured0.30 (0.18–0.51)<.001
PHQ2 ≥3
    No0.39 (0.24–0.63)<.001
    Yes (reference)
No. of chronic conditions1.27 (1.17–1.38)<.001
Constant8.25 (4.23–16.07)<.001

  • Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2014 to 2015.9

  • FPL, federal poverty level; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; PHQ2, Patient Health Questionnaire.