Total patients | 29 | 17 (59%) | 12 (41%) | | |
Mean age (years)* | 66.86 | 65.88 | 68.25 | .485 | −9.23 to 4.50 |
Age range (years) | 48 to 81 | 48 to 81 | 55 to 80 | | |
Male† | 20 (69%) | 12 (71%) | 8 (67%) | | |
Female† | 9 (31%) | 5 (29%) | 4 (33%) | | |
Mean of total number of medications* | 11.24 | 11.65 | 10.66 | .614 | −2.97 to 4.93 |
Range of total number of medications | 2 to 21 | 2 to 21 | 3 to 19 | | |
Mean morphine equivalents mg/day* | 24.98 | 30.61 | 17.01 | .040 | 0.68 to 26.51 |
Standard deviation of morphine equivalents | | 19.03 | 12.52 | | |
Neck | 4 (14%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (17%) | | |
Upper back | 2 (7%) | 2 (12%) | 0 | | |
Lower back | 17 (59%) | 12 (71%) | 5 (42%) | | |
Shoulder | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 0 | | |
Knee | 1 (3%) | 0 | 1 (8%) | | |
Polyarthralgia | 3 (10%) | 0 | 3 (25%) | | |
Peripheral neuropathy | 1 (3%) | 0 | 1 (8%) | | |
Comorbid conditions | | | | | |
Psychiatric diagnosis† present | 16 (55%) | 10 (59%) | 6 (50%) | .221 | |
Current smoker† | 5 (17%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (25%) | .864 | |