Table 2.

PST for Treating Primary Care Patients' Depression and/or Anxiety; Results of Univariate Meta-regression

Parameter*Estimate95%CIt (df)P Value
Overall Effect (β0)0.6730.467 to 0.879z = 6.41.000
Depression (β0)0.6010.224 to 0.978t (11) = 3.12.007
    Anxiety (β1)−0.249−1.015 to 0.516t (11) = −0.64.317
Age† (β0)0.6960.477 to 0.915t (10) = 6.23.000
    Age (β1)0.0200.007 to 0.033t (10) = 2.97.012
% Male (β0)−1.408−2.161 to −0.655t (10) = −3.66.004
    % Male (β1)0.0530.035 to 0.071t (10) = 5.63.000
% White (β0)0.741−0.030 to 1.511t (7) = 1.88.075
    % White (β1)0.001−0.009 to 0.011t (7) = 0.14.381
% Married (β0)0.3980.066 to 0.729t (5) = 2.35.041
    % Married (β1)0.007−0.013 to 0.026t (5) = 0.66.296
Individual (β0)0.6680.455 to 0.880t (11) = 6.16.000
    Group (β1)0.092−0.769 to 0.954t (11) = 0.21.381
    Family (β2)———
In-person (β0)0.7220.494 to 0.950t (10) = 6.22.000
    Tele-health (β1)−0.189−0.846 to 0.469t (10) = −0.56.328
    Combined (β2)———
Session No. (β0)0.465−0.213 to 1.142t (11) = 1.34.157
    Session No. (β1)0.035−0.074 to 0.144t (11) = 0.63.315
Min per session (β0)−0.005−1.443 to 1.433t (10) = −0.01.389
    Min per session (β1)0.017−0.018 to 0.052t (10) = 0.96.241
Master Level (β0)1.5691.181 to 1.957t (9) = 7.92.000
    Doctoral Level (β1)−1.334−2.112 to −0.557t (9) = −3.36.007
    Multi-Discipline (β2)−1.280−1.757 to −0.802t (9) = −5.26.000
No Physician (β0)1.0580.755 to 1.362t (11) = 6.83.000
    Yes Physician (β1)−0.711−1.124 to −0.298t (11) = −3.38.005

  • ↵* β0 should be interpreted as an intercept in a regression, that is the overall average (effect size) of the reference group. β1 should be interpreted as a regression coefficient in a regression, that is the difference (in effect size) between the reference group and the predicting group, noted as d(diff.) in the text for categorical variable (moderator). For cells with no numeric value, it was either because of missing data or not enough variation for a statistical estimate to be calculated.

  • ↵† Participant age was mean-centered.

  • PST, problem-solving therapy.