Appendix Table 2.

Health Status of U.S. Adults According to Mental Health Disorder Status and Opioid Use

	No Mental Health Disorder		Mental Health Disorder		P Value^*	P Value^{^†}
	Non–Opioid User (n = 42,908)	Opioid User (n = 1,983)	Non–Opioid User (n = 5,690)	Opioid User (n = 1,310)	P Value^*	P Value^{^†}
Health status
SF-12, mean (SE)
PCS score	50.9 (0.08)	37.8 (0.47)	47.7 (0.20)	33.5 (0.50)	<.001	<.001
MCS score	53.1 (0.06)	49.6 (0.32)	43.9 (0.20)	40.6 (0.40)	<.001	<.001
Fair or poor overall health	8.8	32.2	21.0	54.3	<.001	<.001
Self-reported limitation due to pain					<.001	<.001
None or little	84.6	40.2	69.4	21.2
Moderate	8.6	19.6	14.4	18.9
Severe	6.8	40.2	16.2	60.0
Smoker	15.2	24.9	22.4	36.7	<.001	<.001
Number of comorbidities					<.001	<.001
0	89.0	72.8	78.3	58.2
1–2	7.9	15.9	15.4	23.7
≥3	3.1	11.3	6.3	18.1
Self-reported limitation
Any self-reported limitation	19.6	61.2	42.7	81.2	<.001	<.001
Physical limitation	8.3	40.1	21.0	59.3	<.001	<.001
Social limitation	2.8	18.7	11.7	36.0	<.001	<.001
Cognitive limitation	2.7	11.3	13.6	30.9	<.001	<.001
Healthcare use
Has usual source of care	71.0	86.8	85.0	91.3	<.001	<.01
Had inpatient surgery	2.9	18.2	4.2	18.0	<.001	.93
Had outpatient surgery	3.6	17.5	6.1	13.7	<.001	.04
Had at least one ED visit for injury	15.3	41.5	25.1	43.5	<.001	.38

Data are percentages unless otherwise indicated. All estimates are weighted to represent the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. The t test was used to compare means, and the χ² test was used to compare proportions.
↵* P value compares non–opioid users with opioid users among adults with mental health disorders.
↵† P value compares adult opioid users with versus those without mental health disorders.
ED, emergency department; MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary; SE, standard error; SF-12, 12-item Short Form.