Table 1.

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Status of U.S. Adults According to Mental Health Disorder Status and Opioid Use

	No Mental Health Disorder		Mental Health Disorder		P Value^*	P Value^{^†}
	Non–Opioid User (n = 42,908)	Opioid User (n = 1,983)	Non–Opioid User (n = 5,690)	Opioid User (n = 1,310)	P Value^*	P Value^{^†}
No. of U.S. adults, millions	190.7	10.1	31.4	7.2
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age, years					<.001	<.001
18–44	49.4	29.7	40.0	25.1
45–64	32.7	42.0	39.8	51.9
≥65	17.9	28.3	20.3	22.9
Sex					.14	<.001
Male	51.2	45.8	34.8	32.2
Female	48.8	54.2	65.2	67.8
Race/ethnicity					.03	<.001
Non-Hispanic white	62.8	74.1	79.3	80.6
Non-Hispanic black	12.2	13.5	7.1	8.2
Hispanic	16.5	8.7	9.4	6.8
Other or multiple races	8.4	3.7	4.1	4.5
Marital status					<.001	<.001
Married	53.4	55.1	46.8	44.9
Divorced, separated, or widowed	17.9	28.4	27.6	40.3
Never married	28.7	16.5	25.5	14.9
Education					<.001	.06
High school or less	56.3	63.5	53.9	67.9
Some college or bachelor's degree	27.5	25.8	28.2	24.5
Advanced degree	16.2	10.7	17.9	7.6
Health insurance					<.001	<.001
Private	67.9	60.5	65.8	47.1
Public	15.8	30.7	23.4	45.7
Uninsured	16.3	8.7	10.8	7.2
Health status
SF-12, mean (SE)
PCS score	50.9 (0.08)	37.8 (0.47)	47.7 (0.20)	33.5 (0.50)	<.001	<.001
MCS score	53.1 (0.06)	49.6 (0.32)	43.9 (0.20)	40.6 (0.40)	<.001	<.001
Fair or poor overall health	8.8	32.2	21.0	54.3	<.001	<.001
Number of comorbidities					<.001	<.001
0	89.0	72.8	78.3	58.2
1–2	7.9	15.9	15.4	23.7
≥3	3.1	11.3	6.3	18.1

Data are percentages unless otherwise indicated. All estimates are weighted to represent the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. The χ² test was used to compare proportions.
↵* P value compares nonopioid users with opioid users among adults with mental health disorders.
↵† P value compares adult opioid users with versus those without mental health disorders.
MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary; SE, standard error; SF-12, 12-item Short Form.