Factors Associated With Indicating That the Item Is a Barrier to Using Telehealth in 2014 for Family Physicians Responding to the January 2015 Robert Graham Center Survey*
Variable | Any | Cost | Training | Reimbursement | Liability Issues | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | |
Telehealth user | 0.51 | 0.33–0.77 | 0.63 | 0.46–0.86 | 0.54 | 0.40–0.73 | 0.82 | 0.61–1.11 | 0.56 | 0.40–0.78 |
Sex | ||||||||||
Female | 1.10 | 0.76–1.58 | 0.99 | 0.79–1.24 | 1.52 | 1.21–1.91 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.22 | 1.11 | 0.88–1.40 |
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Type of medical degree | ||||||||||
Allopathic | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Osteopathic | 0.93 | 0.51–1.69 | 1.18 | 0.82–1.68 | 1.02 | 0.71–1.47 | 0.79 | 0.55–1.13 | 1.04 | 0.72–1.50 |
Location of medical school | ||||||||||
United States | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
International | 0.68 | 0.41–1.13 | 0.82 | 0.58–1.15 | 0.75 | 0.54–1.06 | 0.93 | 0.66–1.30 | 1.57 | 1.12–2.19 |
Practice location | ||||||||||
Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Rural | 1.14 | 0.78–1.65 | 1.11 | 0.88–1.39 | 0.95 | 0.76–1.20 | 0.84 | 0.67–1.06 | 0.67 | 0.53–0.85 |
Years in practice | ||||||||||
1–10 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
11–20 | 0.86 | 0.53–1.38 | 0.86 | 0.65–1.14 | 0.69 | 0.51–0.92 | 1.02 | 0.77–1.36 | 0.77 | 0.57–1.02 |
21–30 | 0.78 | 0.47–1.28 | 0.71 | 0.52–0.97 | 0.66 | 0.48–0.90 | 0.96 | 0.71–1.31 | 0.76 | 0.56–1.04 |
>31 | 0.68 | 0.38–1.22 | 0.71 | 0.49–1.01 | 0.62 | 0.43–0.89 | 0.81 | 0.56–1.16 | 0.74 | 0.52–1.08 |
Electronic health record use | ||||||||||
Currently a user | 1.27 | 0.67–2.40 | 0.82 | 0.54–1.25 | 1.14 | 0.75–1.73 | 1.17 | 0.77–1.78 | 0.86 | 0.56–1.31 |
Not currently a user | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Type of care provided | ||||||||||
Hospital/urgent/ emergency care or other care | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
General primary care | 1.41 | 0.91–2.19 | 1.53 | 1.12–2.09 | 1.61 | 1.18–2.18 | 1.68 | 1.24–2.27 | 0.96 | 0.70–1.32 |
Family physicians at the practice site | ||||||||||
1–5 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
≥6 | 0.96 | 0.66–1.39 | 0.83 | 0.66–1.05 | 1.05 | 0.83–1.32 | 0.96 | 0.77–1.21 | 0.8 | 0.63–1.02 |
Practice ownership | ||||||||||
Private | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Hospital health system | 0.91 | 0.61–1.35 | 0.78 | 0.62–1.00 | 0.89 | 0.70–1.14 | 0.84 | 0.66–1.07 | 0.90 | 0.70–1.14 |
Integrated health system | 0.7 | 0.33–1.45 | 0.49 | 0.29–0.84 | 1.08 | 0.65–1.81 | 0.55 | 0.33–0.92 | 0.74 | 0.43–1.25 |
Other | 0.91 | 0.55–1.53 | 0.91 | 0.66–1.25 | 0.84 | 0.60–1.16 | 0.51 | 0.37–0.71 | 0.67 | 0.48–0.95 |
Constant | 7.54 | 3.18–17.88 | 1.11 | 0.63–1.94 | 0.99 | 0.56–1.74 | 0.96 | 0.55–1.68 | 1.24 | 0.70–2.18 |
↵* Respondents were from among a random sample of 5000 family physicians in direct patient care from the 2014 American Medical Association Physician Masterfile, with oversampling of rural family physicians at a rate of 2 to 1. There are 1508 observations.