Table 3.

Odds of Access and Utilization of Health Care as a Function of Year and Heritage Group Interaction Citizenship, 2011 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (N = 86,467)

	Insured		Delay in Care		Forgo Care		ED Use		Physician Visit
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Heritage
Non-Latino white
Puerto Rican	1.05	0.88–1.26	0.97	0.78–1.19	1.16	0.93–1.44	1.59^*	1.36–1.85	0.94	0.81–1.09
Mexican	0.67^*	0.62–0.73	0.89^{^†}	0.81–0.98	1.00	0.89–1.12	0.81^*	0.74–0.89	0.85^*	0.79–0.91
Cuban	0.91	0.71–1.17	1.22	0.94–1.58	1.52^{^†}	1.10–2.10	1.32^{^†}	1.05–1.65	1.01	0.83–1.22
Central American	0.63^*	0.55–0.72	1.10	0.93–1.29	1.35^*	1.14–1.60	1.10	0.94–1.28	0.92	0.81–1.04
Other Latinos	1.14	0.90–1.43	0.82	0.63–1.07	0.92	0.70–1.20	1.25^{^†}	1.04–1.50	0.91	0.76–1.08
Time period
Before ACA
After ACA	1.56^*	1.46–1.67	0.78^*	0.74–0.84	0.78^*	0.72–0.84	0.96	0.91–1.01	1.07^*	1.02–1.12
Heritage group × time period
White × after ACA
Puerto Rican × after ACA	0.98	0.72–1.32	0.71^{^†}	0.52–0.98	0.53^*	0.35–0.79	0.76^{^†}	0.60–0.97	0.88	0.70–1.11
Mexican × after ACA	1.03	0.92–1.16	0.82^{^†}	0.71–0.95	0.90	0.76–1.06	1.07	0.94–1.22	1.07	0.97–1.17
Cuban × after ACA	1.21	0.85–1.73	0.70	0.43–1.15	0.64	0.39–1.06	0.67	0.38–1.17	0.90	0.70–1.17
Central American × after ACA	1.15	0.94–1.40	0.94	0.74–1.21	0.86	0.65–1.14	0.94	0.74–1.20	1.25^{^†}	1.04–1.49
Other Latino × after ACA	0.73	0.54–1.00	1.32	0.86–2.04	1.22	0.78–1.90	1.01	0.75–1.34	0.97	0.73–1.30

Models also control for citizenship status, interview language, age, sex, marital status, family income, education, US Census region, self-reported health status, chronic conditions, and functional limitations.
↵* P < .01.
↵† P < .05.
ACA, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.