Characteristics of Included Studies
Studies | Patient Population | Patients (n) | Age | Adult or Child | Reference Standard | Country | Year(s) Recruited |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teepe et al,13 2015 | Adults presenting with cough of <28 days' duration | 3074 | Mean, 50 years | Adult | PCR | 12 European countries | 2007–2010 |
Karagul, et al,14 2015 | Consecutive patients between ages 10 and 39 years admitted to a hospital with at least 2 weeks of cough illness | 214 | Mean, 26.6 years; range, 10–39 years | Both | PCR* | Turkey | 2010–2011 |
Park et al,15 2014 | Patients with cough of <30 days' duration presenting to a hospital or outpatient clinic | 490 | Mean, 44.3 years | Both | PCR or culture | South Korea | 2011–2012 |
Gentile et al,16 2014 | Consecutive children with clinically suspected pertussis based on typical symptoms, prolonged cough (older children), or apnea (infants) | 620 | Median, 3 months; range, 15 days to 8 years | Child | PCR | Argentina | 2003–2011 |
Philipson et al,17 2013 | Consecutive patients aged 5–49 years with at least 2 weeks of cough | 222 | 5–16 years (n = 70); 17–49 years (n = 156) | Child | Single IgG in oral fluid samples | New Zealand | 2011 |
Miyashita et al,18 2013 | Consecutive adolescents and adults with cough | 1315 | Mean, 37.5 years; range, 16–79 years | Adult | PCR and paired serology | Japan | 2005–2012 |
Ghanaie et al,19 2010 | Population-based sample of children with at least 2 weeks of cough | 328 | Mean, 11 years, range, 6–14 years | Child | PCR or culture | Iran | 2007–2008 |
Harnden et al,20 2006 | Children presenting to a primary care physician with at least 2 weeks of cough | 172 | Mean, 9.4 years; range, 5–16 years | Child | Single or paired IgG serology† | England | 2001–2005 |
Park et al,21 2005 | Persons aged ≥16 years presenting to an outpatient clinic with cough of 1–12 weeks' duration | 102 | Mean, 30 years; range, 19–83 years | Adult | PCR and culture | Korea | 2002–2003 |
Narkeviciute et al,22 2005 | Immunized children with prolonged cough referred for evaluation in a hospital | 32 | Median, 11; range, 4–15 years | Child | Single IgM or IgA serology | Lithuania | 2001 |
Liese et al,23 2003 | Children with cough for at least 7 days | 116 | Mean, 4.2 years; range, 2.2–6.0 years | Child | PCR or culture‡ | Germany | 1997–1999 |
Preziosi and Halloran,24 2003 | Children aged 6 months to 8 years with cough of >7 days' duration | 989 | Range, 6 months to 8 years | Child | Culture or serology | Senegal | 1993 |
Gilberg et al,25 2002 | Adults with cough of 7–31 days' duration, without fever or other clear cause | 123 | Median, 49 years; range, 18–88 years | Both | ≥2-fold anti-PT IgG, PCR, or culture | France | 1999 |
Senzilet et al,26 2001 | Adults and adolescents with cough from 1–8 weeks' duration referred from a primary care sentinel surveillance network | 442 | Mean, 37.2 years; range, 12–90 years | Both | PCR, culture, and/or serology | Canada | 1996–1997 |
Strebel et al,27 2001 | Persons aged 10–49 years with acute paroxysmal cough or persistent cough 7–34 days' duration | 212 | Median, 35 years; range, 10–49 years | Both | PCR, culture, or serology | United States | 1995–1996 |
Heininger et al,28 2000 | Patients enrolled in a vaccine trial or family members with at least 7 days of cough | 392 | NR | Both | PCR, culture, and/or serology | Germany | 1991–1994 |
Heininger et al,29 1997 | All children presenting to a pediatrician with cough of ≥7 days' duration | 2045 | Mean, 4.3 years; range, 6 days to 41 years | Both | Culture | Germany | 1990–1991 |
Schlapfer et al,30 1995 | Patients enrolled in a vaccine trial or family members with at least 7 days of cough | 546 | Mean, 4.7 years; range, child up to 47 years | Both | PCR or culture | Germany | 1993–1994 |
Postels-Multani et al,31 1995 | Adult members in a family with a child who has confirmed pertussis and who have a respiratory symptom | 79 | Mean, 36 years; median, 33 years; range, 19–83 years | Adult | Culture or serology§ | Germany | 1992–1994 |
Granstrom et al,32 1991 | Consecutive patients with suspected pertussis seen at the outpatient clinic of a hospital | 285 | Median, 3.7 years; range, 0.3–63.2 years | Both | Culture or serology | Sweden | 1986–1987 |
He et al,33 1998 | Adults and children with a complaint of paroxysmal cough of any duration | 584 | Median, 9 years; range, 7 days to 74 years | Both | PCR or culture | Finland | 1994–1997 |
Heininger et al,34 1993 | Children and household contacts with cough illness | 3629 | Almost all (98%) aged ≤15 years | Child | Culture | Germany | 1991–1992 |
↵* Pertussis positive: positive for insertion sequence 481(IS481) and pertussis toxin promoter (ptxA-Pr); Bordetella spp: positive for IS481 with a cycle threshold (Ct) value <35 and negative for ptxA-Pr; indeterminate: positive for IS481 with a Ct between 35 and 40, and negative for ptxA-Pr; negative: cycle threshold >=40.
↵† >100 Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay units in a single sample, or a 4-fold change in titers.
↵‡ Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture from nasopharyngeal swab (cough >7 days) or serology (cough >21 days).
↵§ Culture, >=100% increase in immunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and/or pertactin, or IgA antibody levels to PT, FHA, and/or pertactin at least 2 standard deviations above normal.
NR, not reported.