Table 3.

Self-Report of Factors That Influence Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain in the United States and Japan

Agree/Strongly Agree, n (%)OR* (95% CI)P Value†
Medically indicated
    Japan211 (69.2)1.00 (ref)—
    United States146 (75.6)1.29 (0.83–2.03).260
Standard of care
    Japan130 (42.9)1.00 (ref)—
    United States107 (56.0)1.60 (1.07–2.39).023
Patient expectation
    Japan193 (63.1)1.00 (ref)—
    United States109 (56.5)0.83 (0.55–1.25).380
Maintaining patient satisfaction
    Japan201 (65.3)1.00 (ref)—
    United States103 (53.6)0.68 (0.45–1.02).061
Legal expectation
    Japan25 (8.6)1.00 (ref)—
    United States33 (17.6)2.03 (1.09–3.77).026

  • ↵* Odds ratios (ORs) estimated from logistic regression models that adjusted for sex (female, male) and age category (<40, 41–50, 51–60, >60 years).

  • ↵† P values for adjusted odds ratios.

  • CI, confidence interval; ref, reference category.