Table 3.

Results of Mixed Model Analysis with Care Manager Acceptance as the Dependent Variable and Respondent Characteristics, Practice Characteristics, and Model Implementation as Fixed-Effect Independent Variables

PredictorsStaff AcceptancePhysician Acceptance
βP ValueβP Value
Respondent characteristics
    Age, years (reference: 50–59)
        18–290.23.0130.29.376
        30–390.07.3650.28.055
        40–490.09.2590.24.037
        ≥600.02.8090.03.798
    Sex (reference: female)
        Men−0.12.4020.03.695
    Professional role (reference: other administrative)Excluded/NA
        Nurse practitioner/physical assistant0.31.006
        Other nurse0.20.022
        Medical assistant−0.09.228
        Practice manager0.24.035
        Other clinical0.40.000
    Job longevity0.01.0320.01.318
Practice characteristics
    Pediatric practice (reference: no)
        Yes−0.35.0020.07.633
    Practice size (reference: 5–7)
        1–2−0.08.5380.05.792
        3–4−0.07.5290.16.255
        8–11−0.11.390−0.07.648
        ≥12−0.11.4810.02.907
    EHR implementation change (reference: no)
        Yes0.14.156−0.08.461
    Model implementation characteristics
        Average CM job longevity0.13.0280.17.018
        Average embedded CM FTE (reference: 100)
            <25−0.53.000−0.59.001
            25–49−0.41.002−0.50.001
            50–74−0.29.019−0.26.080
            75–99−0.17.159−0.09.558
        Embedded CMs, n (reference: 1)
            0−0.19.334−0.38.120
            20.12.2680.13.266
            3 or 40.26.0840.02.919
            ≥5−0.06.732−0.15.463
    CM(s) employer is the practice (reference: no)
        Yes−0.12.2950.34.013
    Meeting or exceeding patients/CM standard (reference: no)
        Yes0.04.667−0.13.266

  • Practice was treated as a random effect in the model. Boldface indicates a significant association at P < .05.

  • CM, care manager; EHR, electronic health record; FTE, full-time equivalent; NA, not applicable.