Table 2.

Odds of Access and Utilization of Health Care as a Function of Year, Heritage Group, Citizenship Status, and Interview Language, 2011 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (N = 86,467)

	Insured		Delay in Care		Forgo Care		ED Use		Physician Visit
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Year
2011
2012	1.03	0.96–1.10	0.91	0.85–0.98	0.97	0.90–1.05	0.96	0.89–1.03	0.97	0.92–1.03
2013	1.02	0.95–1.10	0.81^*	0.75–0.87	0.90^{^†}	0.82–0.98	0.95	0.89–1.02	1.01	0.96–1.07
2014	1.43^*	1.32–1.55	0.75^*	0.69–0.81	0.77^*	0.70–0.85	0.92^{^†}	0.86–0.99	1.13^*	1.06–1.20
2015	1.82^*	1.68–1.98	0.63^*	0.58–0.69	0.67^*	0.61–0.73	0.93	0.86–1.01	1.03	0.97–1.09
Heritage group
Non-Latino white
Puerto Rican	1.05	0.90–1.22	0.86	0.72–1.03	0.94	0.78–1.14	1.42^*	1.24–1.63	0.90	0.79–1.02
Mexican	0.68^*	0.63–0.73	0.83^*	0.77–0.91	0.96	0.87–1.06	0.83^*	0.77–0.91	0.87^*	0.82–0.93
Cuban	0.98	0.75–1.29	1.08	0.88–1.34	1.33^{^†}	1.02–1.73	1.15	0.88–1.51	0.96	0.82–1.13
Central American	0.66^*	0.59–0.74	1.08	0.94–1.24	1.28^*	1.10–1.49	1.07	0.94–1.22	1.01	0.91–1.11
Other Latinos	1.01	0.84–1.22	0.92	0.75–1.13	0.99	0.79–1.24	1.25^{^†}	1.07–1.46	0.90	0.78–1.02
Citizenship status
US-born
Naturalized	0.86^*	0.78–0.95	0.96	0.86–1.07	1.03	0.90–1.17	0.92	0.83–1.01	1.09^{^†}	1.01–1.17
Non–US citizen	0.34^*	0.31–0.37	1.10	0.99–1.24	1.12	1.00–1.26	0.78^*	0.69–0.88	0.74^*	0.68–0.80
Interview language
English
Spanish	0.79^*	0.71–0.87	1.05	0.93–1.18	0.86^{^†}	0.75–0.98	0.62^*	0.55–0.71	0.80^*	0.74–0.87
Other	0.55^{^†}	0.31–0.98	0.61	0.29–1.31	0.53	0.27–1.04	0.80	0.35–1.82	0.80	0.55–1.17

Models also control for age, sex, marital status, family income, education, US Census region, self-reported health status, chronic conditions, and functional limitations.
↵* P < .01.
↵† P < .05.
CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; OR, odds ratio.