Comparison of Clinical Features of 79 Multiple Myeloma Cases and 79 Age-, Sex-, and Regionally Matched Controls
| Visits, Mean ± SD | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Controls | ||
| Main complaint | |||
| Back pain | 2.7 ± 4.1 | 2.9 ± 4.4 | .81 |
| Nonspecific pain | 1.2 ± 3.8 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | .28 |
| >1 Pain complaint | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | .11 |
| Viral infection | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 1.6 ± 2.4 | .59 |
| Bacterial infection | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 1.3 ± 1.8 | .81 |
| Weight loss/fatigue | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | .001 |
| Other nonspecific complaints | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | .05 |
| Abnormal laboratory test* | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | .001 |
| Abnormal Results, n | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Controls | ||
| Laboratory tests | |||
| Anemia (n = 64) | 44 | 17 | .001 |
| Elevated ESR (n = 20) | 16 | 4 | .001 |
| Renal failure (n = 63) | 22 | 7 | .001 |
| Proteinuria (n = 38) | 19 | 5 | .002 |
| Hypercalcemia (n = 42) | 8 | 0 | .005 |
| High total protein (n = 35) | 14 | 0 | <.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (n = 33) | 5 | 1 | .2 |
| Hyperuricemia(n = 45) | 15 | 17 | .8 |
↵* Anemia = hemoglobin <12.3 g/dL for women and <13.5 g/dL for men; elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >20 in the first hour; renal failure = creatinine >1.1 mg/dL for women and >1.2 mg/dL for men; proteinuria = >10 mg/dL; hypercalcemia = calcium >10.2 mg/dL; high total protein = >8.7 g/dL; hypoalbuminemia = albumin <3.4 g/dL; hyperuricemia = uric acid >5.7 mg/dL.
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; SD, standard deviation.