PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Caroline Nicholson AU - Claire L. Jackson AU - John E. Marley AU - Robert Wells TI - The Australian Experiment: How Primary Health Care Organizations Supported the Evolution of a Primary Health Care System AID - 10.3122/jabfm.2012.02.110219 DP - 2012 Mar 01 TA - The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine PG - S18--S26 VI - 25 IP - Suppl 1 4099 - http://www.jabfm.org/content/25/Suppl_1/S18.short 4100 - http://www.jabfm.org/content/25/Suppl_1/S18.full SO - J Am Board Fam Med2012 Mar 01; 25 AB - Primary health care in Australia has undergone 2 decades of change. Starting with a vision for a national health strategy with general practice at its core, Australia established local meso-level primary health care organizations—Divisions of General Practice—moving from focus on individual practitioners to a professional collective local voice. The article identifies how these meso-level organizations have helped the Australian primary health care system evolve by supporting the roll-out of initiatives including national practice accreditation, a focus on quality improvement, expansion of multidisciplinary teams into general practice, regional integration, information technology adoption, and improved access to care. Nevertheless, there are still challenges to ensuring equitable access and the supply and distribution of a primary care workforce, addressing the increasing rates of chronic disease and obesity, and overcoming the fragmentation of funding and accountability in the Australian system.