PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Morrison, Leigh
AU  - Gabison, Jonathan
AU  - Oshman, Lauren
TI  - GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2-Is to Lower Glucose and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular and Diabetic Kidney Disease
AID  - 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230455R1
DP  - 2024 May 01
TA  - The Journal of the American Board of Family
                Medicine
PG  - 372--382
VI  - 37
IP  - 3
4099  - http://www.jabfm.org/content/37/3/372.short
4100  - http://www.jabfm.org/content/37/3/372.full
SO  - J Am Board Fam Med2024 May 01; 37
AB  - The landscape of diabetes management has changed, such that the goal of pharmacotherapy extends beyond glucose-lowering to prioritize risk reduction of cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease. Two newer classes of medications, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is), have become first line therapies for many patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce cardiovascular and renal complications of type 2 diabetes. This review article will describe the mechanism of action, evidence for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, contraindications, adverse effects, and risk mitigation strategies for the GLP-1 RA and SGLT2-I drug classes. In addition, we will provide a practical approach for primary care clinicians to prescribe, adjust, and combine these medication classes, while considering patient preference, tolerability, comorbidities, cost, and availability.