RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 First-line pharmacotherapy for tobacco use and dependence. JF The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice JO J Am Board Fam Med FD American Board of Family Medicine SP 489 OP 497 VO 15 IS 6 A1 Steve A Watts A1 Sara L Noble A1 Patrick O Smith A1 Marilyn Disco YR 2002 UL http://www.jabfm.org/content/15/6/489.abstract AB First-line pharmacotherapies for tobacco use and dependence (namely, nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and sustained-release bupropion) are safe and have been empirically determined to be efficacious and should always be considered part of a tobacco treatment intervention program unless contraindicated. Studies published subsequent to the literature synthesized in TTUD support previously determined efficacy of first-line pharmacologic medications for treatment of tobacco use and dependence. Further studies will be necessary to define clearly the efficacy and relative safety of combination treatments.