PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Pigeon, Wilfred R.
AU  - Heffner, Kathi
AU  - Duberstein, Paul
AU  - Fiscella, Kevin
AU  - Moynihan, Jan
AU  - Chapman, Benjamin P.
TI  - Elevated Sleep Disturbance among Blacks in an Urban Family Medicine Practice
AID  - 10.3122/jabfm.2011.02.100028
DP  - 2011 Mar 01
TA  - The Journal of the American Board of Family
                Medicine
PG  - 161--168
VI  - 24
IP  - 2
4099  - http://www.jabfm.org/content/24/2/161.short
4100  - http://www.jabfm.org/content/24/2/161.full
SO  - J Am Board Fam Med2011 Mar 01; 24
AB  - Purpose: Blacks experience a number of health disparities. Sleep disturbances contribute to poor health. This preliminary study explores whether a disparity in sleep disturbances exists among blacks compared with whites and others. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample (n = 92) of urban primary care patients (52% black, 46% white, and 2% other) from a university-based family medicine practice. Mean (SD) age was 51.9 years (8.9 years). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised, and a checklist of chronic health conditions. Results: The rate of clinically meaningful sleep disturbance was 71%. In bivariate logistic regressions, black race was associated with sleep disturbance (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% CI, 1.17–7.69). Controlling for income attenuated that association by about 11% (race OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.04–7.06). Education explained about 35% (race OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.89–6.42). Adjustment for depression, chronic illness, and education simultaneously resulted in an estimate for race of OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 0.85–7.01. Conclusion: Being black is associated with a sleep disturbance that is accounted for only partially by depression, socioeconomic status, and disease burden. Black primary care patients may benefit from additional screening and monitoring of sleep difficulties.