RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The Distressed State of Primary Care in Virginia Pre-Medicaid Expansion and Pre-Pandemic JF The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine JO J Am Board Fam Med FD American Board of Family Medicine SP 1189 OP 1202 DO 10.3122/jabfm.2021.06.210046 VO 34 IS 6 A1 Brooks, E. Marshall A1 Huffstetler, Alison A1 Britz, Jacqueline A1 Webel, Benjamin A1 Lail Kashiri, Paulette A1 Richards, Alicia A1 Sabo, Roy A1 O'Loughlin, Kristen A1 Cunningham, Peter A1 Barnes, Andrew A1 Kuzel, Tony A1 Krist, Alex H. YR 2021 UL http://www.jabfm.org/content/34/6/1189.abstract AB Background: Primary care is crucial to the health of individuals and communities, but it faces numerous structural and systemic challenges. Our study assessed the state of primary care in Virginia to prepare for Medicaid expansion. It also provides insight into the frontline of health care prior to an unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We surveyed 1622 primary care practices to understand organizational characteristics, scope of care, capacity, and organizational stress.Results: Practices (484) varied in type, ownership, location, and care for medically underserved and diverse patient populations. Most practices accepted uninsured and Medicaid patients. Practices reported a broad scope of care, including offering behavioral health and medication-assisted therapy for opioid addiction. Over half addressed social needs like transportation and unstable housing. One in three practices experienced a significant stress in 2019, prepandemic, and only 18.8% of practices anticipated a stress in 2020.Conclusions: Primary care serves as the foundation of our health care system and is an essential service, but it is severely stressed, under-resourced, and overburdened in the best of times. Primary care needs strategic workforce planning, adequate access to resources, and financial investment to sustain its value and innovation.